Changes

Currently, useful and reliable markers for EGUS are lacking.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>  The SUCCEED® Equine Fecal Blood Test™ uses specific equine monoclonal antibodies to albumin and haemoglobin to detect occult blood in faeces.<ref>Carter, S, Pellegrini, F.A (2006) The use of novel antibody tools to detect the presence of blood in equine feces.  ''Company Bulletin Freedom Health LLC'' 1-3.  In: Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref><ref>Pellegrini, F.L, Carter, S.D (2007) An equine necroscopic study to determine the

Currently, useful and reliable markers for EGUS are lacking.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>  The SUCCEED® Equine Fecal Blood Test™ uses specific equine monoclonal antibodies to albumin and haemoglobin to detect occult blood in faeces.<ref>Carter, S, Pellegrini, F.A (2006) The use of novel antibody tools to detect the presence of blood in equine feces.  ''Company Bulletin Freedom Health LLC'' 1-3.  In: Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref><ref>Pellegrini, F.L, Carter, S.D (2007) An equine necroscopic study to determine the

sensitivity and specificity of a dual antibody test.  ''Company Bulletin Freedom Health LLC'' 1-2.  In: Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref>The test has a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive value of 72% and thus cannot be relied upon alone to diagnose EGUS.<ref name="Nadeau">Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref>  False positive results may arise from rectal trauma (e.g. recent biopsy or rectal examination) or protein losing enteropathy.<ref name="Nadeau">Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref>

sensitivity and specificity of a dual antibody test.  ''Company Bulletin Freedom Health LLC'' 1-2.  In: Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref>The test has a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive value of 72% and thus cannot be relied upon alone to diagnose EGUS.<ref name="Nadeau">Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref>  False positive results may arise from rectal trauma (e.g. recent biopsy or rectal examination) or protein losing enteropathy.<ref name="Nadeau">Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) ''Science: Overviews'' Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):611-615.</ref> Other tests that require further analysis for sensitivity and specificity<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> include:

 

Tests that require further analysis for sensitivity and specificity<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> include:

*Urine<ref>O'Connor, M.S, Steiner, J.M, Roussel, A.J, ''et al.'' (2004) Evaluation of urine sucrose concentration for detection of gastric ucleration in horses.  ''Am J Vet Res'', 65:31-39.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> and blood<ref>Hewetson, M, Cohen, N.D, Love, S, ''et al.'' (2006) Sucrose concentration in bood: a new method for assessment of gastric permeability in horses with gastric ulceration.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 20:388-394.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> sucrose absorption as an assay of gastric mucosal permeability

*Urine<ref>O'Connor, M.S, Steiner, J.M, Roussel, A.J, ''et al.'' (2004) Evaluation of urine sucrose concentration for detection of gastric ucleration in horses.  ''Am J Vet Res'', 65:31-39.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> and blood<ref>Hewetson, M, Cohen, N.D, Love, S, ''et al.'' (2006) Sucrose concentration in bood: a new method for assessment of gastric permeability in horses with gastric ulceration.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 20:388-394.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> sucrose absorption as an assay of gastric mucosal permeability

*Serum alpha1-antitrypsin may be released from damaged gastric tissue(Nadeau 2009) and has been detected more frequently in foals with gastric ulceration<ref>Taharaguchi, S, Nagano, A, Okai, K, ''et al.'' (2007) Detection of an isoform of alpha(1)-antitrypsin in serum samples from foals with gastric ulcers.  ''Vet Rec'', 161:338-342.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>

*Serum alpha1-antitrypsin may be released from damaged gastric tissue(Nadeau 2009) and has been detected more frequently in foals with gastric ulceration<ref>Taharaguchi, S, Nagano, A, Okai, K, ''et al.'' (2007) Detection of an isoform of alpha(1)-antitrypsin in serum samples from foals with gastric ulcers.  ''Vet Rec'', 161:338-342.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>