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===Laboratory Tests===
 
===Laboratory Tests===
====Haematology====
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<u>'''Haematology''':</u>
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A [[Neutrophilia|Neutrophilia]] ± a mild left shift will be present in [[Enteritis, Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic |LPE]].  
 
A [[Neutrophilia|Neutrophilia]] ± a mild left shift will be present in [[Enteritis, Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic |LPE]].  
 
An [[Eosinophilia|Eosinophilia]] is not always present in [[Enteritis, Eosinophilic|EE]].
 
An [[Eosinophilia|Eosinophilia]] is not always present in [[Enteritis, Eosinophilic|EE]].
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====Biochemistry====
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<u>'''Biochemistry''':</u>
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On biochemistry there is often a Panhypoproteinaemia, Hypocholesterolaemia and mildly elevated liver enzymes, secondary to intestinal inflammation.
 
On biochemistry there is often a Panhypoproteinaemia, Hypocholesterolaemia and mildly elevated liver enzymes, secondary to intestinal inflammation.
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====Other Tests====
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<u>'''Other Tests''':</u>
Faecal analysis should be carried out to rule out parasitic causes such as [[Trichuris vulpis|whipworms]], [[Uncinaria stenocephala|hookworms]] and [[Giardia|''Giardia'']].
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Serum folate level decreases with proximal small intestinal inflammation and serum cobalamin level decreases with distal small intestinal inflammation.
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'''Faecal analysis''' should be carried out to rule out parasitic causes such as [[Trichuris vulpis|whipworms]], [[Uncinaria stenocephala|hookworms]] and [[Giardia|''Giardia'']].
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'''Serum folate''' level decreases with proximal small intestinal inflammation and serum cobalamin level decreases with distal small intestinal inflammation.
    
===Diagnostic Imaging===
 
===Diagnostic Imaging===
====Radiography====
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<u>'''Radiography''':</u>
 
Plain radiography is used to evaluate for anatomic abnormalities.  Contrast study is only valuable if there is a severe mucosal disease.
 
Plain radiography is used to evaluate for anatomic abnormalities.  Contrast study is only valuable if there is a severe mucosal disease.
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====Ultrasonography====
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<u>'''Ultrasonography''':</u>
 
Ultrasonography may reveal mesenteric lymphadenopathy and thickening of the intestinal wall.
 
Ultrasonography may reveal mesenteric lymphadenopathy and thickening of the intestinal wall.
    
===Histopathology===
 
===Histopathology===
 
A biopsy of the intestine is required for a definitive diagnosis of IBD.  A non-invasive biopsy may be taken via endoscopy.  However, this limits where the samples can be taken from as the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]] are not easily accessible.  Exploratory laparotomy and full thickness biopsy may be preferred at times.
 
A biopsy of the intestine is required for a definitive diagnosis of IBD.  A non-invasive biopsy may be taken via endoscopy.  However, this limits where the samples can be taken from as the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]] are not easily accessible.  Exploratory laparotomy and full thickness biopsy may be preferred at times.
   
   
 
   
 
==Pathology==
 
==Pathology==
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]
 
[[Category:Alimentary_Disorders_-_Horse]]
 
[[Category:Alimentary_Disorders_-_Horse]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
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