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| | + | {{frontpage |
| | + | |pagetitle =Autoimmune Diseases |
| | + | |pagebody = |
| | + | |contenttitle =Content |
| | + | |contentbody =<big><b> |
| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Autoimmune Diseases</categorytree> |
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| | + | </b></big> |
| | + | |logo =path-logo.png |
| | + | }} |
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| − | ==Antibody mediated autoimmune diseases==
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| − | [[Image:ImageNeeded.png|right|thumb|150px|Myasthenia gravis]]
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| − | ===1. Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia (IMHA)===
| + | [[Category:Immunological Disorders]] |
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II hypersensitivity]]
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| − | * Autoantibody attack on the red blood cells causing extravascular and intravascular lysis which causes anaemia.
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| − | * The in saline autoagglutination test and the coombes test is used to diagnose the disorder.
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| − | ===2. Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia (IMTP) ===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II hypersensitivity]]
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| − | * There is an immunological attack on the platelets which reduces the ability for clotting.
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| − | * A reduced platelet count and detection of anti-platelet antibodies in the serum are used for diagnosis of this disorder.
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| − | ===3. Myasthenia gravis===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II hypersensitivity]]
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| − | ===4. Bullous Pemphigoid===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II hypersensitivity]]
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| − | ===5. Pemphigus Vulgaris===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II hypersensitivity]]
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| − | ===6. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/Multi-systemic immune mediated disease===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type III hypersensitivity]]
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| − | ==Cell mediated autoimmune diseases==
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| − | [[Image:Rheumatoid Arthritis Type IV hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Rheumatoid Arthritis-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
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| − | [[Image:Diabetes Mellitus Type IV hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Diabetes Mellitus-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
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| − | ===1. Rheumatoid arthritis===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:'''
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| − | * [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV hypersensitivity]]: CD4 Th-1 cell mediated.
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| − | * Macrophages phagocytose self antigens and can present peptides on their MHC Class II molecules. The autoreactive TH-1 cells release IFN-gamma which activates macrophages to release prostaglandins, MMP enzymes and TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory mediator), see diagram. These cytokines cause inflammation and tissue destruction.
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| − | ===2. Diabetes Mellitus type I===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:'''
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| − | * [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV hypersensitivity]]
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| − | * The CTLs think that all the beta cells in the pancreas are infected by a virus, as it wrongly detects a self antigen presented by the MHC class I on the surface of the cell as foreign.
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| − | * Autoreactive CD8+ CTLs are inadvertently activated, destroying the beta cells, thus preventing the secretion of insulin and causing diabetes type 1 (see diagram).
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| − | ===3. Hypothyroidism (lymphocytic throiditis)===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV hypersensitivity]]
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| − | * T cell mediated
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| − | ===4. Hypoadrenocorticism (Addisons disease)===
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| − | '''Pathogenesis:''' [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV hypersensitivity]]
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| − | [[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic Diseases]]
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| − | [[Category:Immunology]] | |