Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search
390 bytes removed ,  18:25, 19 August 2010
no edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:  
{{unfinished}}
 
{{unfinished}}
   −
====Antigenicity====
+
==Description==
 +
*Caused by [[Reoviridae|bluetongue virus of family Reoviridae]]
 +
*Non-contagious
 +
*Insect-borne
 +
*Causes vasculitis, especially in oral cavity
 +
==Aetiology==
 +
 
 
*24 serotypes of BTV have been described
 
*24 serotypes of BTV have been described
   −
====Hosts====
+
==Hosts==
 
*Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids
 
*Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids
   −
====Pathogenesis====
+
==Pathogenesis==
 
*Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges ('''Culicoides spp.''')
 
*Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges ('''Culicoides spp.''')
 
*Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels
 
*Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels
Line 22: Line 28:  
*Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death
 
*Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death
   −
====Diagnosis====
+
==Diagnosis==
 
*Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab:
 
*Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab:
 
**RT-PCR to detect viral RNA
 
**RT-PCR to detect viral RNA
 
**ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres
 
**ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres
 
+
===Clinical Signs===
====Current Relevance====
+
===Laboratory Tests===
*August 2006: suspicious Dutch sheep confirmed as serotype 8
+
===Pathology===
**Serotype 8 found in Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, and north-eastern France
+
Complete loss of integrity of epithelium. Uncommon.
**Previously BTV-8 only seen in sub-Saharan Africa
  −
*August 2007: increased outbreaks in same regions
  −
*September 2007: first UK outbreak in Suffolk
  −
*2008: Virus declared endemic and BTV-8 vaccine produced, voluntary vaccination strongly encouraged
  −
 
  −
====Control====
  −
*BTV is '''NOTIFIABLE'''
  −
*Vigilance in recognizing clinical signs
  −
*Restriction of movement:
  −
**Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
  −
***Vaccination within PZ using appropriate serotype is encouraged but still voluntary
  −
**Surveillance Zone: 50km radius beyond PZ
  −
*Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc.
  −
 
  −
===Haemorrhagic Inflammation===
  −
*Complete loss of integrity of epithelium. Uncommon.
   
*Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus,  
 
*Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus,  
 
*Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], hence the name.
 
*Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], hence the name.
Line 51: Line 41:       −
*Caused by [[Reoviridae|bluetongue virus of family Reoviridae]]
+
 
*Non-contagious
  −
*Insect-borne
  −
*Causes vasculitis, especially in oral cavity
   
*Grossly:
 
*Grossly:
 
**Infarctions -> necrosis
 
**Infarctions -> necrosis
Line 60: Line 47:  
*Histologically:
 
*Histologically:
 
**Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion)
 
**Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion)
 +
==Treatment==
    +
*BTV is '''NOTIFIABLE'''
 +
*Vigilance in recognizing clinical signs
 +
*Restriction of movement:
 +
**Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
 +
***Vaccination within PZ using appropriate serotype is encouraged but still voluntary
 +
**Surveillance Zone: 50km radius beyond PZ
 +
*Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc.
       
[[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]]
 
[[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]]
 
[[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]]
 
[[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]]
6,502

edits

Navigation menu