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| − | [[Image:Calliphoridae.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae) - Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons]] | + | [[Image:Calliphoridae.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae)'' <br> Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons]] |
| − | [[Image:Lucilia cuprina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Lucilia cuprina'' - Wikimedia Commons]] | + | [[Image:Lucilia cuprina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Lucilia cuprina'' <br> Giancarlodessi 2009, Wikimedia Commons]] |
| − | [[Image:Blow fly head.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Blowfly Head Close Up - Martin Pot - Wikimedia Commons]] | + | [[Image:Blow fly head.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Blowfly Head Close Up'' <br> Martin Pot, Wikimedia Commons]] |
| | *The ''Calliphoridae'' family are '''facultative''' parasites | | *The ''Calliphoridae'' family are '''facultative''' parasites |
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| − | *Cause '''blowfly strike''' | + | *Cause <big>[[Blowfly Strike|'''blowfly strike''']]</big> |
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| | *If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be '''blown''' | | *If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be '''blown''' |
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| | *''Lucilia cuprina''; South Africa and Australia | | *''Lucilia cuprina''; South Africa and Australia |
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| − | *''Chrysomya spp.''; Africa, Asia and Australia | + | *[[Chrysomya bezziana|''Chrysomya spp.'']]; Africa, Asia and Australia |
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| − | *''Wohlfahrtia''; Fleshfly | + | *[[Wohlfahrtia spp.|''Wohlfahrtia'']]; Fleshfly |
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| | *Flies can survive the winter as pupae and emerge the next spring | | *Flies can survive the winter as pupae and emerge the next spring |
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| | + | ==Test yourself with the Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards== |
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| − | '''Epidemiology'''
| + | [[Myiasis_Producing_Flies_Flashcards|Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards]] |
| − | <br>Blowflies are divided into categories depending on their ability to initiate strike
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| − | *Primary flies are capable of initiating a strike on living sheep. Larvae can penetrate intact skin
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| − | **''Lucilia''
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| − | **''Phormia''
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| − | **''Calliphora spp.''
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| − | *Secondary flies cannot initiate a strike. Larvae attack an area already struck or damaged, extending it
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| − | **''Calliphora spp.''
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| − | **''Chrysomya spp.'' (in warmer climates)
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| | | | |
| − | *Tertiary flies attack lesions on carcasses which have become dry
| + | [[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]] |
| − | **''Musca''
| + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] |
| − | **''Sarcophaga spp.''
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| − | Predisposing factors to flystrike
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| − | *Temperature
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| − | **Temperature in the spring will determine when the overwintering larvae hatch
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| − | **High temperature and humidity will create a microclimate in the fleece, attracting adult flies to lay eggs
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| − | | |
| − | *Rainfall
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| − | **Persistent rainfall will make the fleece microclimate attractive to adult flies. Females lay eggs after the rain ceases
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| − | **Breeds with long, fine wool are the most susceptible
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| − | | |
| − | *Host susceptibility
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| − | **This is increased when putrefactive odours develop on the fleece due to bacterial decomposition of organic matter following soiling with urine or faeces
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| − | **Merino sheep have a narrow breech area with excessive wrinkling making them more susceptible to soiling
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| − | **A narrow opening of the penile sheath in rams and wethers may result in accumulation of urine and increase blowfly strike in this area
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| − | **Cuts during shearing, fighting and barbed wire will also increase the incidence of blowfly strike
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Blowfly season
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| − | *Temperate regions in '''June to September'''
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| − | **Mostly in unshorn sheep in June
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| − | **Lambs from July to September
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| − | | |
| − | *Warmer regions have a more prolonged season due to greater number of blowfly generations
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| − | '''Pathogenesis'''
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| − | *Severe skin damage
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| − | **Larvae lacerate skin with oral hooks and liquefy host tissue by secreting proteolytic enzymes
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| − | | |
| − | *Skin lesions are extended and deepened
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| − | **Secondary blowfly attack
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| − | **Flies attracted to odour of decomposing tissue
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| − | | |
| − | *Secondary bacterial infection
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| − | | |
| − | *Production losses
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| − | **Irritation and distress associated with skin lesions
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| − | **Poor weight gain (often the first clinical sign)
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| − | | |
| − | *Risk of strike is highest in warm, moist weather
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Clinical signs'''
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| − | *Anorexia
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| − | *Listlessness
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| − | *Animals standing apart from flock
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| − | | |
| − | *Fleece may appear darker, be damp and have a foul smell
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| − | | |
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| − | '''Control'''
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| − | *Prophylactic [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]] treatment
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| − | **Must kill larvae and remain in fleece to prevent flies from laying eggs
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| − | **Applied by spraying, dipping, spray race or jetting
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| − | | |
| − | *Insect growth regulators
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| − | **Pour-on
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| − | **2-4 month protection depending upon the product used
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| − | | |
| − | *Effective worm control
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| − | **To minimise diarrhoea and therefore soiled fleece
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| − | | |
| − | *Crutching to prevent soiling
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| − | | |
| − | *'Mule's operation'
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| − | **Surgical removal of breech skin in Merino breeds
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| − | | |
| − | *Tail docking of lambs
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| − | | |
| − | *Proper carcass disposal
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| − | **Eliminates fly breeding sites
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| − | | |
| − | *Vaccination
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| − | **Experimental use against ''Luculia cuprina'' in Australia[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]]
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