Changes

**''Glycogen'' is synthesised in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and [[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|muscle]] and is similar to amylopectin as it has both α1-4 glycosidic links and α1-6 glycosidic links. However it is more highly branched with shorter branches (branches every 12-18 glucose residues).

**''Glycogen'' is synthesised in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and [[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|muscle]] and is similar to amylopectin as it has both α1-4 glycosidic links and α1-6 glycosidic links. However it is more highly branched with shorter branches (branches every 12-18 glucose residues).

*The '''first stage''' of carbohydrate digestion begins with α-amylase, which is an endoglycosidase. ''(This means it breaks bonds in the middle of the polymer to produce di-, tri- and oligo-saccharides).''

*The '''first stage''' of carbohydrate digestion begins with α-amylase, which is an endoglycosidase. ''(This means it breaks bonds in the middle of the polymer to produce di-, tri- and oligo-saccharides).''

*α-Amylase is present in [[Oral Cavity - Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|saliva]]. Salivary α-amylase is inactivated when it enters the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] due to it's acidic pH.

*α-Amylase is present in [[Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|saliva]]. Salivary α-amylase is inactivated when it enters the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] due to it's acidic pH.

*Carbohydrate digestion continues in the lumen of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] as pancreatic α-amylase enters the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] in the pancreatic duct. This is the site of the majority of carbohydrate digestion.

*Carbohydrate digestion continues in the lumen of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] as pancreatic α-amylase enters the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] in the pancreatic duct. This is the site of the majority of carbohydrate digestion.

*The '''second stage''' is the digestion of di-, tri-, and oligo-saccharides to monosaccharides.

*The '''second stage''' is the digestion of di-, tri-, and oligo-saccharides to monosaccharides.

====Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption====

====Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption====

*Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are digested by lipases.

*Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are digested by lipases.

*TAG digestion begins in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]], where lingual lipase is secreted in the [[Oral Cavity - Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|saliva]]. It removes a fatty acid from the 3 position on the glycerol molecule producing 1,2-diacylglycerol(1,2 DAG) and a free fatty acid.

*TAG digestion begins in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]], where lingual lipase is secreted in the [[Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|saliva]]. It removes a fatty acid from the 3 position on the glycerol molecule producing 1,2-diacylglycerol(1,2 DAG) and a free fatty acid.

*TAG digestion continues in the small intestine, with pancreatic lipase and bile from the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]. Pancreatic lipase is water soluble and the TAG and 1,2-DAG are lipid soluble. Bile creates an interface for the enzyme to digest the lipid molecules. Bile also emulsifies fats; it reduces the size of lipid droplets increasing the surface area available for digestion.

*TAG digestion continues in the small intestine, with pancreatic lipase and bile from the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]. Pancreatic lipase is water soluble and the TAG and 1,2-DAG are lipid soluble. Bile creates an interface for the enzyme to digest the lipid molecules. Bile also emulsifies fats; it reduces the size of lipid droplets increasing the surface area available for digestion.

*Pancreatic lipase removes any further fatty acids from the 3 position and then from the 1 position to produce 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) and a fatty acid.

*Pancreatic lipase removes any further fatty acids from the 3 position and then from the 1 position to produce 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) and a fatty acid.