Difference between revisions of "Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
 
==Introduction==
 
 
 
The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands.  The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facillitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
 
 
 
Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|cheek]], [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oesophagus, [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] and pharynx but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts.
 
 
 
Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[Tooth Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions.
 
 
 
Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy and Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both.
 
 
 
 
 
==Types of Salivary Glands==
 
 
 
===Major Salivary Glands===
 
 
 
*[[Parotid]] (glandula parotis)
 
 
 
*[[Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis)
 
 
 
*[[Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales)
 
 
 
*[[Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica)
 
 
 
===Minor Salivary Glands===
 
 
 
*[[Labial]]
 
 
 
*[[Lingual]]
 
 
 
*[[Buccal]]
 
 
 
*[[Palatine]]
 
 
 
 
 
==Innervation==
 
 
 
*Sympathetic
 
    -Vasoconstriction occurs
 
    -Flow of saliva is decreased
 
 
 
*Parasympathetic (most important)
 
    -Travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XI]]) then into
 
    branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V]])
 
    -Flow of salivary fluid increases
 
    -Vasodilation occurs
 
 
 
*Main nerves are occulomotor ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN III]]), facial ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]), glossopharyngeal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]) and vagus ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])
 
 
 
==Saliva==
 
 
 
*Mainly water
 
 
 
*Amylase for carbohydrate digestion
 
 
 
*Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate
 
 
 
*Mucin
 
 
 
*Electrolytes
 
 
 
*Antimicrobial agents
 
 
 
*Lingual lipase
 
 
 
 
 
==Species Differences==
 
 
 
===Equine===
 
*Horses produce up to 40L per day
 
 
 
===Bovine===
 
*Cows produce 110-180L per day
 
 
 
===Porcine===
 
*Pigs produce up tp 15L per day
 
 
 
 
 
==Links==
 
 
 
[[Oral Cavity - Salivary Glands|Salivary Glands Pathology]]
 

Latest revision as of 16:45, 4 September 2010