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| − | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
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| − | ==Introduction==
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| − | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
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| − | Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|cheek]], [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oesophagus, [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] and pharynx but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts.
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| − | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[Tooth Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions.
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| − | Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy and Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both.
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| − | ==Types of Salivary Glands==
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| − | ===Major Salivary Glands===
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| − | *[[Parotid]] (glandula parotis)
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| − | *[[Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis)
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| − | *[[Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales)
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| − | *[[Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica)
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| − | ===Minor Salivary Glands===
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| − | *[[Labial]]
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| − | *[[Lingual]]
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| − | *[[Buccal]]
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| − | *[[Palatine]]
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| − | ==Innervation==
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| − | *Sympathetic
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| − | -Vasoconstriction occurs
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| − | -Flow of saliva is decreased
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| − | *Parasympathetic (most important)
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| − | -Travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XI]]) then into
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| − | branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V]])
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| − | -Flow of salivary fluid increases
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| − | -Vasodilation occurs
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| − | *Main nerves are occulomotor ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN III]]), facial ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]), glossopharyngeal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]) and vagus ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])
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| − | ==Saliva==
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| − | *Mainly water
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| − | *Amylase for carbohydrate digestion
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| − | *Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate
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| − | *Mucin
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| − | *Electrolytes
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| − | *Antimicrobial agents
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| − | *Lingual lipase
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| − | ==Species Differences==
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| − | ===Equine===
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| − | *Horses produce up to 40L per day
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| − | ===Bovine===
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| − | *Cows produce 110-180L per day
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| − | ===Porcine===
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| − | *Pigs produce up tp 15L per day
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| − | ==Links==
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| − | [[Oral Cavity - Salivary Glands|Salivary Glands Pathology]]
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