Changes

== Copper and liver disease ==

== Copper and liver disease ==

*Copper – cofactor for enzymes (lysyl oxidase), electron transport proteins (cytochrome c oxidase) and antioxidant molecules (superoxide dismutase).

*Copper – cofactor for enzymes (lysyl oxidase), electron transport proteins (cytochrome c oxidase) and antioxidant molecules (superoxide dismutase).

*Primarily absorbed through the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (upper small intestine in the dog).

*Primarily absorbed through the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (upper small intestine in the dog).

*Enterocyte regulation of absorption – metallothionein and a copper transport protein – ATPase7A.

*Enterocyte regulation of absorption – metallothionein and a copper transport protein – ATPase7A.

*Metallothionein is a low molecular wt cytoplasmic protein, in all tissues; expression in response to heavy metals, various hormones and stress. metallothionein in cytoplasm of enterocytes leads to absorption of copper.

*Metallothionein is a low molecular wt cytoplasmic protein, in all tissues; expression in response to heavy metals, various hormones and stress. metallothionein in cytoplasm of enterocytes leads to absorption of copper.