Changes

{{unfinished}}

{{review}}

{{toplink

{{toplink

|linkpage =WikiDrugs

|linkpage =WikiDrugs

====Drugs Acting on 5-HT₄ Receptors====

====Drugs Acting on 5-HT₄ Receptors====

An examples is '''metoclopramide''' that is an agonist at serotonin and dopamine receptors, this results in an increased release of acetylcholine and so increases gut motility.  

An examples is '''metoclopramide''' that is an agonist at serotonin and dopamine receptors, this results in an increased release of acetylcholine and so increases gut motility.Other drugs acting on 5HT<sub>4 receptors are cisapride,mosapride,renzapride etc

====Muscarinic Receptor Agonists====

====Muscarinic Receptor Agonists====

Examples are '''carbachol''' and '''bethanecol'''. They should be used with slight caution as their resultant contractions can be painful.

Examples are '''carbachol''' and '''bethanecol'''. They should be used with slight caution as their resultant contractions can be painful.

==Laxatives and Purgatives==

==Laxatives and Purgatives==

====Lubricant Laxatives====

====Lubricant Laxatives====

An example is '''liquid paraffin''' that is given orally. They supposedly coat and lubricate the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and help soften the faeces, thus making them easier to pass. The use of liquid paraffin is under debated between some clinicians as some feel that it works just as well as water, but has the added risk of causing a very serious pneumonia if the paraffin enters the trachea. On the other hand most equine vets in practice feel that it is a useful tool to help resolve impaction colics.

An example is '''liquid paraffin''' that is given orally. They supposedly coat and lubricate the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and help soften the faeces, thus making them easier to pass. The use of liquid paraffin is under debated between some clinicians as some feel that it works just as well as water, but has the added risk of causing a very serious pneumonia if the paraffin enters the trachea. On the other hand most equine vets in practice feel that it is a useful tool to help resolve impaction colics.Feacal softners such as docusate salts are also used for treating constipation especially the condition where faeces become hard and cause pain during defaecation,these act by increasing the water content of faeces.

 

====Bulk Laxatives====

====Bulk Laxatives====

'''NB''' Never use in dehydrated animals as animals will loose water when these laxatives are in use. Please remember to offer the animal plenty of drinking water.

'''NB''' Never use in dehydrated animals as animals will loose water when these laxatives are in use. Please remember to offer the animal plenty of drinking water.

====Osmotic Laxatives====

====Osmotic Laxatives====

'''NB''' Never use in dehydrated animals as animals will loose water when these laxatives are in use. Please remember to offer the animal plenty of drinking water.

'''NB''' Never use in dehydrated animals as animals will loose water when these laxatives are in use. Please remember to offer the animal plenty of drinking water.

====Stimulant Laxatives====

====Stimulant Laxatives====

An example is '''bisacodyl''' and is given orally. This works by having an irritant effect on the intestinal mucosa. This stimulates enteric nerves, resulting in increased peristalsis and increased water and electrolyte secretion into the lumen.

An example is '''bisacodyl''' and is given orally. This works by having an irritant effect on the intestinal mucosa. This stimulates enteric nerves, resulting in increased peristalsis and increased water and electrolyte secretion into the lumen.

====Enemas====

====Enemas====

This is where warm water and mineral oil or sodium citrate are administered into the rectum and lower bowels of an animal. This helps evacuate the bowels of an animal before radiographs or surgery.

This is where warm water and mineral oil or sodium citrate are administered into the rectum and lower bowels of an a

==Drugs Decreasing Smooth Muscle Contractility==

==Drugs Decreasing Smooth Muscle Contractility==

'''It is used to help reduce smooth muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract.'''

'''It is used to help reduce smooth muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract.'''

====Opioid Receptor Agonists====

====Opioid Receptor Agonists====

Care should be used when given to cats as they cause hyperexcitability on overdose.

Care should be used when given to cats as they cause hyperexcitability on overdose.

==Other Drugs==

==Other Drugs==