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| | + | ==Literature Search== |
| | + | [[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]] |
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| − | ==Reproductive disorders in the male==
| + | Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). |
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| − | Most conditions affecting horses can be found in donkeys and the diagnostic approach to infertility is similar to that used in stallions (Tibary, 2005). <u>Testicular descent may be delayed until two or three years of age.</u> In donkeys, the authors (Tibary, A., Sghiri, A. & Bakkoury, M.) have seen several cases of '''cryptorchidism, haemospermia '''and '''ejaculation failure'''.
| + | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=subject%3A%28reproductive+diseases%29+AND+od%3A%28donkeys%29 Reproductive diseases in donkeys publications] |
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| − | '''Oestrone sulphate levels are not a good indicator of the presence of testicular tissue and CANNOT be used to differentiate between cryptorchid males and geldings displaying male behaviour''' (Arrighi and Bosu, 1989). A standard technique for the diagnosis of cryptorchidism is to determine testosterone levels before and at 2 hours and 24 hours after intravenous administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (6,000-10,000 IUhCG). <u>Males with testicular tissue should have a circulating testosterone level greater than 100 pg/ml or should register at least a twofold increase in testosterone concentration after hCG challenge.</u>
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| − | [[Donkey - Castration|'''Castration''']] tends to result in a higher incidence of [[Donkey - Castration#Complications of castration|haemorrhage complications]]. This is not the case for mules. '''Ectopic testicles''' (Ragab and Mostafa, 1993), '''interstitial cell tumours '''(Panebianco, 1960) and '''infectious epididymitis '''(Schebitz and Hansen, 1959) have been
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| − | reported. In the authors’ (Tibary, A., Sghiri, A. & Bakkoury, M.) experience, '''testicular degeneration''' is common and may be due to nutritional causes and heavy parasitism. '''Orchitis''' may be caused by [[Donkey - Strongyles|strongyle ''larva migrans'']].
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| − | ==Reproductive disorders in the female==
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| − | Fertility in jennies seems to be higher than in mares. Inbreeding may be an important factor of poor fertility in some isolated herds (Kadir, 1980; Darre ''et al'', 1998). Reported anomalies of reproduction in jennies include '''persistent corpus luteum, ovarian teratomas, granulosa cell tumours''' (Norris ''et al'', 1968), '''uterine infection''' and '''uterine fibrosis'''. Pyometra may be a consequence of severe dystocia.
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| − | Donkeys are prone to [[Donkey - Hyperlipaemia|hyperlipaemia]] and hepatic lipidosis during pregnancy, often complicated by hepato-encephalopathy, hypocalcaemia, azotaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and acidosis (Tarrant ''et al'', 1998). '''Retained placenta and hypocalcaemia''' may be seen in stressed animals.
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| − | '''Abortion''' has been cited as a major problem in working equines (Pearson ''et al'', 2003). Infectious causes of abortion in donkeys are similar to those reported in horses, the most commonly reported being [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|EHV-1]] (Tewari ''et al'', 1994), ''Leptospira'' (Arora and Baxi, 1978), [[Streptococci|''Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus'']] (Giorgi ''et al'', 1984) and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella spp.'']] (Hofer ''et al'', 2004). Non-infectious abortion due to foetal abnormalities has been described in miniature donkeys (Miller, 1989). Twinning is a cause of non-infectious abortion in some breeds.
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
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| | |linkpage =Clinical Section - Donkey | | |linkpage =Clinical Section - Donkey |
| | |linktext =Clinical Section - Donkey | | |linktext =Clinical Section - Donkey |
| − | |rspace={{Donkey}} | + | |sublink1= Reproduction - Donkey |
| | + | |subtext1 = Reproduction - Donkey |
| | |pagetype=Donkey | | |pagetype=Donkey |
| | + | }} |
| | + | {{infotable |
| | + | |Maintitle = [[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|This section was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''']] |
| | + | |Maintitlebackcolour = B4CDCD |
| | }} | | }} |
| | [[Category:Donkey]] | | [[Category:Donkey]] |
| − | [[Category:Reproduction]] | + | <br> |
| − | [[Category:Donkey]][[Category:Reproduction]] | + | [[Category:Reproduction - Donkey]] |
| | + | [[Category:Clinical_Section_-_Donkey]] |
