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− | {{unfinished}} | + | {{review}} |
− | [[Image:Glottis_lizard.jpg|200px|thumb|right|'''Open glottis''' (© RVC and its licensors, Sean Bobbit, Sue Evans, Andrew Devare and Claire Moore. All rights reserved)]] | + | [[Image:Glottis_lizard.jpg|200px|thumb|right|'''Open glottis''' (Copyright © RVC)]] |
| ==Lungs== | | ==Lungs== |
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| * [[Chameleon|Chameleons]] have hollow, smooth-sided finger-like projections on the margins of their lungs used to inflate the body in response to predators. Some [[Chameleon|chameleons]] also have an accessory lung lobe projecting from the anterior trachea cranial to their forelimbs. When infected, it will fill with secretions and appear as a swelling of the ventral neck. | | * [[Chameleon|Chameleons]] have hollow, smooth-sided finger-like projections on the margins of their lungs used to inflate the body in response to predators. Some [[Chameleon|chameleons]] also have an accessory lung lobe projecting from the anterior trachea cranial to their forelimbs. When infected, it will fill with secretions and appear as a swelling of the ventral neck. |
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− | Respiration, which is voluntary and dependant on blood carbon dioxide pressure and temperature, is aided by expansion and contraction of the ribs as lizards lack a diaphragm. | + | [[Lizard and Snake Respiration|Respiration]], which is voluntary and dependant on blood carbon dioxide pressure and temperature, is aided by expansion and contraction of the ribs as lizards lack a diaphragm. |
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| In many lizards gas exchange occurs in the cranial part of the lung, while the caudal portion of the lung is analagous to the avian air sac. | | In many lizards gas exchange occurs in the cranial part of the lung, while the caudal portion of the lung is analagous to the avian air sac. |
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− | Some lizards can revert to anaerobic metabolism during prolonged periods of apnea. | + | Some lizards can revert to [[Lizard and Snake Respiration|anaerobic]] metabolism during prolonged periods of apnea. |
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| ==Nares== | | ==Nares== |
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− | Nasal salt glands are present in [[Lizard Feeding|herbivorous]] [[Lizard Classification|iguanid]] lizards such as the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]]. These excrete excessive sodium and potassium when the plasma osmotic concentration is high. Lizards achieve this by sneezing, which expels a clear fluid that dries to a fine white powder consisting of salts. This mechanism should not be mistaken for a upper respiratory infection as it is a normal physiologic process allowing water conservation. Anterior in the roof of the mouth, the paired internal [[Lizard Physical Examination|nares]] are a common site for discharges to accumulate and therefore a good sampling site for bacteriology when a respiratory infection is present or suspected. | + | Nasal [[Salt gland|salt glands]] are present in [[Lizard Feeding|herbivorous]] [[Lizard Classification|iguanid]] lizards such as the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]]. These excrete excessive [[Sodium - Reptiles|sodium]] and [[Potassium - Reptiles|potassium]] when the plasma osmotic concentration is high. Lizards achieve this by sneezing, which expels a clear fluid that dries to a fine white powder consisting of salts. This mechanism should not be mistaken for a upper respiratory infection as it is a normal physiologic process allowing water conservation. Anterior in the roof of the mouth, the paired internal [[Lizard Physical Examination|nares]] are a common site for discharges to accumulate and therefore a good sampling site for bacteriology when a respiratory infection is present or suspected. |
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| ==Glottis== | | ==Glottis== |
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| It is normally closed except during [[Lizard and Snake Respiration|inspiration or expiration]]. The hard palate is reduced to allow airflow from the inner nasal opening to the glotttis. The [[Lizard Physical Examination|glottis]] is generally quite rostral and located at the base of the tongue. This simplifies intubation and tube-feeding. | | It is normally closed except during [[Lizard and Snake Respiration|inspiration or expiration]]. The hard palate is reduced to allow airflow from the inner nasal opening to the glotttis. The [[Lizard Physical Examination|glottis]] is generally quite rostral and located at the base of the tongue. This simplifies intubation and tube-feeding. |
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| + | ==Literature Search== |
| + | [[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]] |
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| + | Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). |
| + | <br><br><br> |
| + | [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2006/20063240427.pdf '''Reptile pneumatology.''' Mitchell, M. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, The North American Veterinary Conference 2003, Small Animal and Exotics. Orlando, Florida, USA, 18-22 January, 2003, 2003, pp 1211-1212- '''Full Text Article'''] |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |