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− | | + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]] |
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− | ===[[Myofibrillar Hypoplasia]]===
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− | ===Hyperplasia of muscle fibres===
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− | *In calves and lambs
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− | *'''“Double muscling”'''
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− | **Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin)
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− | **Predisposes to dystocia
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− | [[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
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− | ===Muscular dystrophies===
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− | *Inherited group of degenerative muscular diseases
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− | *Progressive muscle weakness and wasting
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− | *Usually due to a genetic fault -> muscular protein deficiency
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− | **Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals
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− | **Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier ''etc.''
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− | *Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|regeneration]], [[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]]
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− | *More about [[Muscular dystrophy]]
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− | [[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
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− | ===Glycogen storage diseases===
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− | *Caused by a deficiency of an enzyme
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− | *See [[Glycogen Infiltration|general pathology]]
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− | *Type II glycogenosis
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− | **Deficiency of acid maltase
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− | **In Shorthorn cattle
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− | **Muscular weakness and incoordination
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− | **Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle, heart and CNS
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− | **Type I and II muscle fibres contain glycogen vacuoles
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− | *Type III glycogenosis
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− | **Deficiency of debranching enzyme
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− | **In dogs
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− | **Causes [[Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy|hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] and hepatomegaly
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− | **Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes
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− | [[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
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− | ===Steatosis===
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− | *Also called '''lipomatosis'''
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− | *In cattle, sheep and pigs
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− | *Fat replaces lost muscle fibres
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− | *Pale muscle, bilaterally symmetrical
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− | *No clinical significance
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− | *Noticed at slaughter or necropsy
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− | [[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
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− | ===Myasthenia gravis (MG)===
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− | *'''Acquired'''
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− | **Autoimmune disease
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− | ***Antibodies directed against acetyl choline receptors
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− | **Associated with [[Thymus neoplasia|thymomas]], [[Megaoesophagus|megaoesophagus]] and dysphagia
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− | **In adult dogs
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− | *'''Congenital'''
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− | **Inherited deficiency in acetyl choline receptors
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− | **Rare
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− | **Newfoundland, Jack Russel Terrier, Springer Spaniels – genetic predisposition
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− | **In dogs – 4 DLA genes recognized: DLA-12, DLA-88, DLA-79 and DLA-64
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− | **Associated with HLA gene in humans
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− | **No antibodies against acetyl choline receptors in serum
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− | **Non-specific muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Atrophy|disuse atrophy]] and fibrosis or no changes on histology
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− | *Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise
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− | [[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
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− | ===[[Canine Dermatomyositis]]===
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− | ===[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Porcine stress syndrome|Porcine stress syndrome]]===
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− | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]]
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