Difference between revisions of "Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology"

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==Myositis==
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#redirect[[:Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
[[Bacterial Myositis]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
===[[Viral myositis]]===
 
 
 
*Rare in the UK
 
 
 
====[[Porcine encephalomyelitis]]====
 
 
 
====[[Foot and Mouth Disease]]====
 
 
 
 
 
====[[Bluetongue Virus|Bluetongue]]====
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
===[[Parasitic Myositis]]===
 
 
 
 
 
*Rare in domestic animals
 
 
 
 
 
====Nematodes====
 
 
 
*[[Trichinella|'''''Trichinella''''']] larvae
 
 
 
 
 
*[[Ancylostomatoidea|''Ancylostoma'']] larvae
 
**Cause inflammation and [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]]
 
*[[Ascaridoidea|Ascarid]] larvae
 
*[[Dirofilaria immitis|''Dirofilaria immitis'']] in dogs causing ischaemic myopathy due to [[Muscle Ischaemia|infartcs]]
 
 
 
====Cestodes====
 
 
 
*[[Taenia|''Taenia solium, '']] - cysticercosis in swine and humans
 
*[[Taenia|''T. ovis'']] - cysticercosis in sheep
 
*[[Taenia|''T. saginata'']] in cattle cysticercosis
 
*[[Taenia|''Multiceps serialis'']] in rabbits, primates coenurosis
 
*[[Echinococcus|''Echinococcus granulosus'']] hydatid disease in herbivores and humans
 
 
 
====Protozoa====
 
 
 
*'''''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'''''
 
 
 
*[[Neospora|'''''Neospora caninum''''']]
 
 
 
*[[Sarcocystis|'''''Sarcocystis''''']]
 
 
 
*[[Hepatozoon|'''''Hepatozoon americanum''''']]
 
 
 
*'''''[[Trypanosoma]]'''''
 
 
 
*'''''[[Babesia|Babesia bovis]]'''''
 
 
 
====Arthropods====
 
 
 
*Dipterious larvae causing [[Myiasis|myiasis]]
 
*[[Hypoderma spp.|''Hypoderma'' spp.]] in cattle
 
**May occasionally burrow into muscle
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
===[[Immune-Mediated myositis]]===
 
 
 
====Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)====
 
 
 
*Occurs in dogs
 
*Tends to affect the masseter and temporalis muscles
 
*Autoantibodies selectively attack muscles of mastication (type IIM fibres)
 
*Acute stage = eosinophilic myositis
 
**Extremely swollen, painful, hard masticatory muscles
 
*Chronic stage = atrophic myositis
 
**Atrophy may occur without previous acute stage
 
*Grossly:
 
**Bilateral but not necessarily symmetrical
 
**At first, enlarged and oedematous muscles becominf dark red, firm with reddish streaks and yellowiss foci
 
*Histologically:
 
**Acute lesions:
 
***Mainly eosinophilic infiltrate, few lymphocytes, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and plasma cells
 
***In recurrent disease plasma cells predominate
 
***[[Muscle Necrosis|Necrotic]] myofibres, [[Muscle Atrophy|atrophy]] and attempted [[Muscle Regeneration|regeneration]]
 
**Chronic stage:
 
***[[Muscle Atrophy|Atrophy]] predominates
 
***Fasciculi are shrunken
 
***Condensation of stroma -> enlarged endomysium
 
***Focal plasma cell and lymphocyte infiltration
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
====[[Canine Dermatomyositis|Canine dermatomyositis]]====
 
 
 
 
 
===Idiopathic myositis===
 
 
 
====Canine polymyositis====
 
 
 
*DOES NOT include MMM above
 
*Rare
 
*Clinical signs:
 
**Muscle pain
 
**Fever
 
**Weakness, particularly in hind limbs
 
*Grossly:
 
**Inflammation is accompanied by muscle necrosis and regeneration
 
*Histologically:
 
**Inflammatory foci with lymphocytes, plasma cells and occasionally eosinophils
 
*Possibly immunological cause
 
*Single biopsy may not be enough to make the diagnosis as it tends to be multifocal and disseminated
 
*Lesions similar to some infectious causes (such as ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'')
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
====Canine bilateral extraocular polymyositis====
 
 
 
*In Golden retrievers
 
*Very rare
 
*Clinical signs:
 
**Acute bilateral exophthalmos
 
*Involves only extraocular muscles except for retractor blbi
 
*Grossly:
 
**Swollen and pale extraocular muscles
 
*Histologically:
 
**Sterile myositis
 
**Multifocal necrosis of myofibres
 
**Lymphocytic, histiocytic and plasmacytic infiltrate with few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
====Bovine and ovine eosinophilic myositis====
 
 
 
*Unknown aetiology
 
*Major cell involved is eosinphil
 
*Usually noticed at slaughter - green muscle discoloration
 
*May be caused by degenteration of [[Sarcocystis|''Sarcocystis'' spp.]]
 
*Grossly:
 
**Green discolored areas, well demarcated
 
**Mostly in muscles of back and thighs
 
*Histologically:
 
**Massive eosinophil infiltration
 
**Muscle fibres may degenerate
 
**In old lesions - endimysial fibrosis, myofibre atrophy, some regeneration, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and few eosinophils
 
**Capsule may form
 
 
 
[[Category:Muscles - Inflammatory Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]]
 

Latest revision as of 23:15, 5 March 2011