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| − | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species]] |
| − | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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| − | * [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#Peritonitis|Peritonitis in sheep]]
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| − | * [[General Pathology - Oedema#Permeability type|Permeability types of pulmonary oedema]].
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| − | ===Overview ''Pasteurella'' and ''Mannheimia''===
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| − | *Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals
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| − | *Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection
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| − | *Not part of the human bacterial flora
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| − | *Small Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli
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| − | *Facultative anaerobes
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| − | *Oxidase-positive
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| − | *May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains such as Wright's stain
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| − | *Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides
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| − | ===''Pasteurella'' Properties===
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| − | *Catarrhal odour
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| − | *Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death
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| − | *Their capsules resist phagocytosis
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| − | ===''Pasteurella multocida''===
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| − | *Large grey colonies on blood agar
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| − | *Not haemolytic
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| − | *Do not grow on MacConkey
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| − | *Five capsular serotypes, A,B,D,E and F
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| − | *Primary and secondary pathogen
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| − | *Responsible for secondary infections following primary viral and mycoplasmal infections, especially in the lungs, for example during [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] and pigs
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| − | * Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]].
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| − | *Typa A
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| − | **Commensal in upper respiratory tract of animals in UK
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| − | **Primary pathogen in avian cholera - a septicaemia in chickens and turkeys
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| − | **Secondary pathogen commomly repsonsible for dog and cat bite wound infections in humans and animals
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| − | **Feline pyothorax and other serositides and[[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|cellulitis]] in cats
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| − | **Some strains involved in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis of pigs]], and produce osteolytic toxin
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| − | **Involved in [[Bacterial infections#In Rabbits|'Snuffles' in rabbits]], a mucopurulent rhinosinitis
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| − | *Type B
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| − | **Causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of cattle in Southern Europe and Asia
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| − | *Type D
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| − | **Primary and secondary pathogen
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| − | **Causes [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] along with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']] in pigs
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| − | **''Pasteurella multocida'' adhere to epithelium damaged by [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']]
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| − | **Produces an osteolytic toxin (Pmt), which stimulates osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption of the nasal turbinates
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| − | *Type E
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| − | **Causes African Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
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| − | ===''Pasteurella pneumotropica''===
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| − | *Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents
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| − | *Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease
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| − | ===''Pasteurella trehalosi''===
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| − | *T biotypes - trehalose fermenters
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| − | *Pneumonia in ruminants
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| − | *Septicaemic pasteurellosis in feeder lambs
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| − | *Mastitis in sheep
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| − | ===''Pasteurella canis''===
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| − | *Pneumonia in dogs
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| − | *Occasionally infects wounds
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| − | ===''Pasteurella caballi''===
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| − | *Equine respiratory tract disease, usually in association with ''Streptococcus equi'' subspecies [[Streptococci#S. zooepidemicus|''S. zooepidemicus'']]
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| − | *Equine peritonitis
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| − | ===''Pasteurella aerogenes''===
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| − | *Associated with gastroenteritis and abortion in swine
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| − | ===''Mannheimia''===
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| − | ===''Mannheimia haemolytica''===
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| − | *Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or [[Bacterial infections#Pneumonic pasteurellosis|pneumonic pasteurellosis]] (90% caused by ''Mannheimia haemolytica'' Biotype A, serotype 1 but also ''Pasteurella multocida''
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| − | *Usually secondary to viral infections such as [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] or [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]], bacterial infections such as ''Mycoplasma'' or environmental stress
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| − | *May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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| − | *Enzootic pneumonia in sheep
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| − | *Septicaemia in young lambs
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| − | *Causes mastitis in sheep
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| − | *Beta-haemolytic on blood agar
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| − | *Grow weakly on MacConkey agar
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| − | *Odourless
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| − | *All are ''Mannheimia'' A biotypes (previously ''Pasterurella haemolytica'')
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| − | *Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants
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| − | *Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia
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| − | ===''Mannheimia glucosida''===
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| − | *Previously biotype A11
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| − | *Respiratory condition of ruminants
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