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| − | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Actinobacillus species]] |
| − | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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| − | * Cause [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In horses|peritonitis in horses]]
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| − | * ''A. pleuropneumoniae'' causes [[Bacterial infections#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|pneumonia]] in pigs
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| − | * Cause [[General Pathology - Chronic Inflammation#Granulomatous Inflammation|granulomatous inflammation]].
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| − | ** E.g. ''Actinobacillus lignieresii'' causes wooden tongue in cattle -> [[Muscles - inflammatory#Wooden tongue|myositis]]
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| − | *''A. equuli'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
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| − | ===Overview===
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| − | ===''Actinobacillus'' characteristics===
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| − | *Small Gram negative coccobacilli
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| − | *Oxidase negative
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| − | *Do not grow on MacConkey
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| − | ===''Actinobacillus lignieresii''===
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| − | *Commensal in the mouth of sheep and cattle
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| − | *Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause a granuloma, a condition known as Actinobacillosis
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| − | *Enodogenous, sporadic and chronic infection
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| − | *Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration
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| − | *Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics
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| − | *Formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle
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| − | *In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced
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| − | *Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition
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| − | *Recovery with antibiotics
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| − | ===''Actinobacillus equuli''===
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| − | *Commensal of the equine intestinal mucosa
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| − | *Infection at birth causes severe enteritis and septicaemia within 24 hours, known as sleepy foal disease
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| − | *In foals that survive neonatal infection the condition progresses to cause joint infections and purulent nephritis
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| − | *RTX group cytotoxin present
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| − | ===''Actinobacillus suis''===
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| − | *Fatal septicaemia in pigs 1-8 weeks old
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| − | *Causes abscesses in joints and lungs of older pigs
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| − | *Carried in the nasopharynx of pigs and nose of horses
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| − | *Carriage may confer immunity to the more severe pleuropneumonia
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| − | ===''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae''===
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| − | *Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia
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| − | *Endemic in UK
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| − | *Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)
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| − | *Positive CAMP reaction
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| − | *12 serotypes causing the same disease
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| − | *Different serotypes in different regions, with serotypes 3,6 and 8 the most common in the UK
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| − | *
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