Difference between revisions of "Bacillus species"

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Bacillus species]]
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
 
[[Bacillus anthracis]]
 
 
 
*''CAR bacillus'' in [[Bacterial infections#CAR bacillus|URT infection in cattle]] and [[Bacterial infections#In Rabbits|URT infection in rabbits]]
 
 
 
* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]].
 
 
 
===Overview===
 
 
 
*Mostly non-pathogenic environmental organisms
 
*''Bacillus anthracis'' causes anthrax
 
*''Bacillus licheniformis'' may cause shoradic abortions in cattle and sheep
 
*''Bacillus cereus'' causes food poisoning in humans and mastitis in cows
 
 
 
 
 
===Characteristics===
 
 
 
*Large, Gram positive rods
 
*Produce endospores
 
*Aerobes or facultative anaerobes
 
*Grow on non-enriched media
 
*Motile
 
*Catalase positive, oxidase negative
 
*''Bacillus anthracis'' colonies are up to 5mm diameter, flat, dry, grey, with a ground-glass appearance; curled outgrowthsfrom the edge of the colony give a 'medusa head' appearance; non-haemolytic (differentiate from ''Bacillus cereus'')
 
*''Bacillus licheniformis'' forms dull, rough, wrinkled colonies, with hair-like outgrowths
 
*Biochemical tests for identification
 
*Can often tolerate adverse environmental conditions
 
 
 
 
 
===''Bacillus anthracis''===
 
 
 
*Saprophyte in soil
 
*Capsule composed of homopolymer of D-isomer of glutamic acid allows survival in the body by resisting phagocytosis
 
*Capsule stains mauve with polychrome methylene blue in the MacFadyean's reaction - identify anthrax in blood samples
 
*Bacilli appear as chains of dark blue, square-ended rods surounded with the capsule
 
*Extracellular toxin (holotoxin) composed of oedema factor, protective factor and lethal factor
 
*
 
 
 
 
 
===''Bacillus licheniformis''===
 
 
 
*Widespread in the environment
 
*Associated with food spoilage
 
*Abortion in cattle and sheep, possibly from spoiled silage or hay
 

Latest revision as of 20:41, 10 May 2010