Difference between revisions of "Campylobacter species"

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Campylobacter species]]
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
 
 
 
 
 
* Linked to:
 
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
 
** Food poisoning ([[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Campylobacter jejuni|Campylobacter jejuni]]).
 
 
 
===Overview===
 
 
 
*Live on mucosa of intestinal and genital tract and can be commensals or pathogens
 
*Enteric species cause disease in humans
 
*Other species cause infertility and abortion in cattle and sheep
 
*Excreted in faeces of birds, (''C. jejuni'' and ''C. lari'') as well as pigs contaminating water and food supplies
 
*''C. fetus'' restricted to bovine prepucial mucosa
 
 
 
 
 
===Characteristics===
 
 
 
*Curved, Gram negative rods
 
*Polar flagellum aids motility
 
*Daughter cells remain joined giving gull-wing or spiral appearance
 
*Microaerophilic
 
*Sensitive to drying
 
*Thermophilic species - ''C. jejuni, C. coli''
 
*Non-thermophilic species e.g. ''C. fetus''
 
*Grow on enriched media e.g. Skirrow agar in 1-10% carbon dioxide and 5-10% oxygen tension
 
*''C. jejuni'' requires increased temperatures for growth
 
*Many grow on MacConkey
 
*Oxidase positive, non-fermentative
 
*''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'' and subspecies ''fetus'' have small, round, smooth, translucent colonies
 
*''C. jejuni'' has small, flat, grey colonies with watery appearance
 
 
 
 
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
 
 
 
*''C. fetus'' subspecies ''fetus'' and subspecies ''venerealis'' possess a microcapsule (S layer) which resists phagocytosis and serum-mediated destruction and enhances survival in the genital tract
 
*Antigens of S layer undergoes antigenic shifts in ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'', allowing persistence in the host
 
*''C. jejuni'' attaches and invades host enterocytes and produces enterotoxin-like substances
 
 
 
 
 
===Clinical infections===
 
 
 
*''Campylobacter fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis''
 
**Venereal infection of cattle
 
**Infertility in female cattle
 
**Found in glandular crypts of prepuce of bull with no clinical signs - carriers
 
**Causes catarrhal inflammation in female genital tract
 
**Endometritis prevents implantation until infection gone and causes early embryonic death, occasionally sporadic abortion
 
**May remain infertile for 3-5 months before immunity develops, which lasts 4-5 years
 
**Effective immunity includes induction of IgA in the vagina and IgG in the uterus
 
**Bacteria may persist in the vagina and be transmitted to bulls
 
 
 
 
 
===Diagnosis===
 
 
 
*Smears stained with dilute carbol fuschin for 4 minutes
 
 
 
 
 
===Control===
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
===Treatment===
 

Latest revision as of 21:24, 10 May 2010