Difference between revisions of "Hypersensitivity Flashcards"
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| − | + | ===Hypersensitivity=== | |
| − | | | + | <FlashCard questions="3"> |
| − | | | + | |q1=What is hypersensitivity? |
| − | | | + | |a1= |
| − | | | + | *A hyperactive immune response to an antigen |
| − | | | + | *Leading to cell and tissue damage |
| − | | | + | *It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity) |
| − | + | |l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction | |
| + | |q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
| + | |a2=Gell and Coombs | ||
| + | |l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction | ||
| + | |q3=Complete the following sentences | ||
| + | <p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p> | ||
| + | |a3= | ||
| + | *antibody mediated | ||
| + | *cell mediated | ||
| + | |l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Type I Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> | ||
| + | |q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as? | ||
| + | |a1= | ||
| + | *Anaphylactic-mediated | ||
| + | *IgE-mediated | ||
| + | |l1=Type I Hypersensitivity | ||
| + | |q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? | ||
| + | |a2=Allergens | ||
| + | |l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction | ||
| + | |a3= | ||
| + | *Plant pollens | ||
| + | *Foods | ||
| + | *Drugs | ||
| + | *Proteins | ||
| + | *Insect products | ||
| + | |l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction: | ||
| + | |q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? | ||
| + | |a4= | ||
| + | *Vasodilation | ||
| + | *Oedema | ||
| + | *Mucous production | ||
| + | *Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma | ||
| + | *Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres | ||
| + | |l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism | ||
| + | |q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions | ||
| + | |a5= | ||
| + | *Sweet-itch | ||
| + | *Atopy | ||
| + | *Flea allergic dermatitis | ||
| + | |l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Type II Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="3"> | ||
| + | |q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? | ||
| + | |a1= | ||
| + | *IgG | ||
| + | *[[IgM]] | ||
| + | *Fixed antigens | ||
| + | |l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
| + | |a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors | ||
| + | |l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism | ||
| + | |q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? | ||
| + | |a3= | ||
| + | *Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) | ||
| + | **Pemphigus vulgaris | ||
| + | **Bullous pemphigoid | ||
| + | *Complement mediated lysis | ||
| + | **Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia | ||
| + | **Blood transfusion reaction | ||
| + | **Haemolytic disease of new born | ||
| + | **Feline infectious anaemia | ||
| + | *Phagocytosis | ||
| + | |l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Type III Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> | ||
| + | |q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens? | ||
| + | |a1= | ||
| + | *IgG | ||
| + | *Soluble antigens | ||
| + | |l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? | ||
| + | |a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | ||
| + | |l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: | ||
| + | |q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? | ||
| + | |a3= | ||
| + | *Glomerulonephritis | ||
| + | *Arthritis | ||
| + | *Vasculitis | ||
| + | *Acute inflammation | ||
| + | |l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: | ||
| + | |q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? | ||
| + | |a4= | ||
| + | *Vasculitis | ||
| + | *Erythema | ||
| + | *Oedema | ||
| + | *Neutropaenia | ||
| + | *Proteinurea | ||
| + | |l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: | ||
| + | |q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen | ||
| + | |a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | ||
| + | |l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Type IV Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="7"> | ||
| + | |q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? | ||
| + | |a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity | ||
| + | |l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? | ||
| + | |a2= | ||
| + | *Abnormal macrophage activation | ||
| + | *Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) | ||
| + | |l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? | ||
| + | |a3=Destruction of normal cells | ||
| + | |l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction | ||
| + | |q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
| + | |a4= | ||
| + | *Contact | ||
| + | *Granulomatous | ||
| + | |l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types: | ||
| + | |q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? | ||
| + | |a5=Mononuclear cells | ||
| + | |l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact | ||
| + | |q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response | ||
| + | |a6= | ||
| + | *Mycobacterium tubercle | ||
| + | *Schistosome eggs | ||
| + | |l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous | ||
| + | |q7=What is the tuberculin test? | ||
| + | |a7= | ||
| + | *Used for testing TB in cattle | ||
| + | *Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin | ||
| + | *A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection | ||
| + | |l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| − | + | <br><br> | |
| − | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | |
| − | + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | |
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Latest revision as of 17:15, 17 March 2012
Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is hypersensitivity? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? | Gell and Coombs
|
Link to Article | |
| Complete the following sentences
Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. |
|
Link to Article | |
Type I Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is type I hypersensitivity also known as? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? | Allergens
|
Link to Article | |
| Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction |
|
Link to Article | |
| Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions |
|
Link to Article | |
Type II Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? | Neutralisation blockage of receptors
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? |
|
Link to Article | |
Type III Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|
Link to Article | |
| What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen | Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
|
Link to Article | |
Type IV Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? | Delayed-type hypersensitivity
|
Link to Article | |
| What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? | Destruction of normal cells
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? | Mononuclear cells
|
Link to Article | |
| Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the tuberculin test? |
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |