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| − | {{review}}
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| − | {{toplink
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| − | |backcolour =
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| − | |linkpage =Bacteria
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| − | |linktext =BACTERIA
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| − | |pagetype=Bugs
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| − | }}
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| − | <br>
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| − | ===Characteristics===
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| − | *Formerly known as ''Actinomyces pyogenes'' and ''Corynebacterium pyogenes''
| + | #REDIRECT[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]] |
| − | *Small facultatively anaerobic rod
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| − | *Grows slowly on blood agar to produce small, white colonies surrounded by a zone of beta-haemolysis after 48 hours
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| − | *Produces hazy haemolysis after 24 hours; pin-point colonies after 48 hours
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| − | *Coryneform morphology, like Chinese characters; may be curved with slightly swollen ends
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| − | *Found in nasopharyngeal mucosa and genital tract of cattle, sheep, pigs
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| − | ===Pathogenicity===
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| − | *Opportunistic infections following injury or viral/mycoplasma infection in ruminants and pigs
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| − | *Extracellular toxins including haemolysin, proteases, DNase and neurominidase
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| − | *Haemolytic toxin, pyolysin, member of the thiol-activated cytolysins (pore-forming toxins); possibly cytotoxic to phagocytic cells; dermonecrotising activity
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| − | ===Clinical infections===
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| − | *Suppurative infections
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| − | *Abscesses especially in liver
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| − | *Lymphadenitis, [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], peritonitis and neural abscessation
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| − | *Pyometra
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| − | *Endometritis
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| − | *Summer mastitis
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| − | *Ovine foot disease
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| − | *[[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|Arthritis]] of sheep post-dipping; [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]] and [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis in cattle]]
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| − | *Umbilical infections
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| − | *[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Acute exudative pneumonia|Acute exudative pneumonia]] and contributes to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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| − | *May cause [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
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| − | *Unclassified ''Actinomyces'' species isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons Inflammatory - Pathology#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
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| − | ===Treatment===
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| − | *Penicillin or broad spectrum antibiotics
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