Difference between revisions of "Yeast-like fungi"

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==Candidosis==
 
 
 
*''Candidia albicans'' is the most important species
 
**''C. tropicalis'' and ''C. pelliculosa'' are other important species
 
 
 
*World wide distribution
 
 
 
*Usually an endogenous mycoses
 
 
 
*Noramlly present on skin, vagina and in the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|GI tract]]
 
 
 
*Immunocompromised animals may show symptoms
 
 
 
*Usually lesions on mucous membranes and at mucocutaneous junctions
 
 
 
*Many species have been implicated in bovine mastitis
 
 
 
*''C. albicans'' has been isolated in porcine stomach ulcers
 
 
 
*''C. rugosa'' has been implicated in pyometra in mares
 
 
 
*Infection of the crop, oesophagus and mouth occur in poultry and other birds leading to 'sour crop'
 
**White-grey lesions in mouth which adhere loosly to the mucous membrane
 
**Crop wall may be thickened
 
**Crop wall may be covered by a yello-white necrotic material
 
**Underlying tissue is inflammed
 
 
 
*Causes thrush in humans
 
 
 
*''C. albicans'' causes metritis and vaginitis in mares and genital candidiosis in stallions (and bulls)
 
 
 
*Skin scrapings in 20% KOH for microscopy
 
 
 
*Diphtheritic membranes, pus and fluids can be examined by Lactophenol Cotton Blue and stained by Gram or Methylene Blue
 
 
 
*Gram positive, oval, thin-walled budding cells with hyphal fragments
 
 
 
*Grow on blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar producing soft, creamy colonies in 24-48 hours
 
 
 
*Grossly:
 
**Exudative, papular, pustular to ulcerative dermatitis
 
**Stomatitis and otitis externa may develop
 
*Microscopically:
 
**Spongiotic neutrophilic pustular inflammation
 
**Parakeratosis
 
**Ulcerations
 
**Superficial exudate containing organisms
 
 
 
==Cryptococcosis==
 
 
 
==Geotrichosis==
 
 
 
==''Malassezia pachydermidis''==
 
 
 
*Caused by [[Fungi|''Malassezia pachydermatis'']]
 
 
 
*Normally present in oily areas on the external ear canal and skin in dogs
 
**Some strains have been recovered from the ear canal of cats
 
 
 
*Bottle-shaped, small budding cells, non-mycelial
 
 
 
*Gram stain shows purple yeast cells with a very wide base
 
 
 
*Grow on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar in 2 weeks of incubation at room temperature
 
 
 
*Greenish discolouration on blood agar
 
 
 
*Clinical disease may cause yeast to proliferate and cause infection
 
*Grossly:
 
**Regional lesions: muzzle, ears, interdigital, perianal
 
**Or generalised disease
 
**Erythematous, hyperpigmented, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenified]] and scaly lesions with alopecia
 
*Microscopically:
 
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis]]
 
**Spongiotic pustular dermatitis
 
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acanthosis]]
 
**Organisms are usually present, minimum 3-5 yeasts per high-power field must be found to imply cause of disease
 
 
 
==''Rhodotorula''==
 
 
 
*''Rhodotorula minuta'' and ''R. rubra''
 
 
 
*Canine ear infections
 
 
 
*Equine uterus
 
 
 
*Seldom seen in animal infections
 
 
 
==''Torulopsis glabrata''==
 
 
 
*Commensal in animals and is found in the soil
 
 
 
*Implicated in cases of:
 
**Pyelonephritis, pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis (humans)
 
**Mastitis and abortion in cattle
 
**Systemic infection of monkeys and dogs
 
 
 
==Trichosporonosis==
 
 
 
*Found in soil
 
 
 
*Deuteromycetes yeast
 
 
 
*''Trichosporonosis beigelii''
 
**Implicated in feline nasal granuloma, [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Superficial mycoses|skin infections]] in horses and monkeys, mastitis in cattle and sheep and in feline bladder infections
 
 
 
*''T. capitum'' implicated in bovine mastitis
 
 
 
==Further Links==
 
 
 
*[[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
*''Cryptococcus neoformans'' causes granulomatous [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] in cats, see [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#In Cats|respiratory infections]]
 
* ''Candida'' is an opportunistic pathogen at mucus membranes, causing thrush.
 
*''Blastomyces dermatitidis'' in [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#Blastomycosis|blastomycosis in lungs]]
 
*''Histoplasma capsulatum'' in [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#Histoplasmosis|histoplasmosis in lungs]]
 
*''Candida'' spp. in [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Candidiasis|candidiasis]]
 
*''Malassezia pachydermis'' in [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Malassezia dermatitis|malassezia dermatitis]]
 

Latest revision as of 14:21, 29 April 2010