|
|
| (53 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{unfinished}}
| + | #redirect[[Haemorrhagic Gastroenteritis]] |
| − | | |
| − | {{dog}}
| |
| − | {{cat}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Signalment==
| |
| − | Small breed dogs such as:
| |
| − | *Toy and Miniature Poodles
| |
| − | *Miniature Schnauzers
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Description==
| |
| − | Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is characterised by acute vomiting and diarrhoea. This is accompanied by a marked haemoconcentration. The aetiology is not yet known but it may relate to ''Clostridium perfringes'' enterotoxicosis or an allergic reaction. | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Diagnosis==
| |
| − | ===Clinical Signs===
| |
| − | *Acute and progressive haemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhoea, with vomiting preceding diarrhoea
| |
| − | *Depression
| |
| − | *Abdominal pain
| |
| − | *Pyrexia (rare)
| |
| − | *Dehydration may not be obvious
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Laboratory Tests===
| |
| − | ====Haematology====
| |
| − | *Haemoconcentration with PCV > 60%
| |
| − | *Normal or increased total protein concentrations, but proportionately lower than would be expected from the corresponding increase in PCV due to loss of protein through the intestines.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ====Biochemistry====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ====Other Tests====
| |
| − | *Faecal analysis rarely reveals ''C. perfringes'' spores or enterotoxin. Both of these can be found in a normal dog, therefore care has to be taken not to overinterprete this.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Diagnostic Imaging===
| |
| − | *Radiology is unremarkable.
| |
| − | *
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Treatment==
| |
| − | *Start treatment prior to a full diagnostic investigations.
| |
| − | *Aggressive intravenous fluid therapy is vital.
| |
| − | **Colloidal or plasma are recommended to replace the intravascular deficit due to loss of protein, followed by crystalloids to complete rehydration.
| |
| − | **Clinical improvements should be noted within a few hours but resolution of clinical signs may take a few days.
| |
| − | *Antimicrobials such as ampicillin is appropriate against C. perfringes but a broad spectrum may be required to prevent sepsis.
| |
| − | *Initially, nil per os should be implemented. Once vomiting has stopped, a bland and highly digestible diet such as chicken and rice can be introduced.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Prognosis==
| |
| − | Good. Complete recovery in most cases provided there is no compication such as hypoproteinaemia or sepsis. There is a chance of recurrence.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | *Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2''' (Fifth Edition) ''W.B. Saunders Company''.
| |
| − | *Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
| |
| − | *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.
| |