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− | ==Introduction==
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:General Pathology]] |
− | pathos is suffering; logos is reasoning/logic.
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− | Definition 1. The science of the study of disease.
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− | Definition 2. The scientific study of disease that is concerned with the abnormal states of the
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− | body, with the functional disorders that accompany these states, and with the
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− | agents and mechanisms that bring them about.
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− | Definition 3. The study of disease including:
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− | A. Aetiology - causal factor(s)
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− | B. Pathogenesis - the development of the disease within the body.
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− | C. Lesions - the observable structural changes in the tissues and fluids of the body.
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− | D. Pathophysiology - the functional changes in diseased tissues.
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− | E. Sequel - the consequences of the disease in the body.
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− | F. Remote effects - the effect of disease in one tissue on other tissues in the body.
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− | Lesions are the abnormalities or changes due to disease in living tissues. They can be
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− | observed in
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− | 1. the live animal,
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− | 2. in tissues surgically removed from the live animal (biopsy/excision), or
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− | 3. in animals soon after death (necropsy, post-mortem examination).
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− | 9
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− | Descriptions of lesions are most important
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− | ===Lesions===
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− | ====Decription of Lesions====
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− | | |
− | * Whole organs, tissues or individual lesions are described under headings such as
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− | *# Size
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− | *# Shape
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− | *# Colour
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− | *# Weight - generally referred to body weight
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− | *# Texture and Consistency
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− | *# Appearance of the cut surface
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− | *# Contents of hollow organs
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− | *# Position, relationships and effects on adjacent tissues
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− | | |
− | ===Disease===
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− | ====Definition and Type====
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− | ====Factors Involved in the Development of Disease====
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− | ====Types of Agents Causing Disease====
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− | ====Aspects of Disease====
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− | ====Post Mortem Examination====
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− | ====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
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− | ==Degenerations and Infiltrations==
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− | ===Cellular Swelling===
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− | ===Hydropic Degeneration===
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− | ===Cellular Faty Change===
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− | ===Mucoid Degeneration===
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− | ===Hyaline Degeneration===
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− | ====Fibrinoid Degeneration====
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− | ====Amyloidosis====
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− | ===Glycogen Infiltration===
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− | ===Cellular Inclusions===
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− | ==Necrosis==
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− | ===Causes of Necrosis===
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− | ===Gross and Histological Features of Necrotic Lesions===
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− | ====Coagulation Necrosis====
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− | ====Liquefactive Necrosis====
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− | ====Caseation Necrosis====
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− | ===Sequel to Necrosis===
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− | ====Fat Necrosis====
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− | ====Gangrene====
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− | ==Post Mortem Change==
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− | ===Types of Post Mortem Change===
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− | ====Rigor Mortis====
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− | ====Post Mortem Clotting of Blood====
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− | ====Hypostatic Congestion====
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− | ====Post Mortem Imbibition of Blood====
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− | ====Inbibition of Bile Pigment====
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− | ====Gaseous Distenstion of the Alimentary Tract====
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− | ====Autolysis====
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− | ====Putrefaction====
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− | ==Pigmentation and Calcification==
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− | ===Exogenous Pigmentation===
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− | ====Carbon (Anthracosis)====
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− | ====Pneumoconiosis====
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− | ====Carotenoids====
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− | ===Endogenous Pigmentation===
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− | ====Melanin====
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− | ====Blood Pigments====
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− | =====Haemoglobin=====
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− | =====Haemosiderin=====
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− | =====Haematin=====
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− | =====Jaundice=====
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− | =====Haematoidin=====
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− | =====Porphyria=====
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− | ====Lipofuscin====
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− | ===Mineralisation===
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− | ====Calcification====
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− | =====Dystrophic=====
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− | =====Metastatic (Hypercalcaemia)=====
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− | ==Circulatory Disorders==
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− | ===Introduction====
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− | ====Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia====
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− | ====Oedema====
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− | | |
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− | ====Dehydration====
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− | ====Shock====
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− | ====Haemorrhage====
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− | =====Rhexis=====
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− | =====Diapedesis=====
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− | ====Haemostasis====
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− | ====Thrombus====
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− | =====Causes=====
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− | =====Evolution=====
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− | =====Embolism=====
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− | =====Post Mortem Clots=====
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− | ====Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation====
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− | ==Inflammation==
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− | ===Cardinal Signs===
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− | ===Causes===
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− | ===Acute===
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− | ====Introduction====
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− | ====Sequence of Events====
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− | ====Fluids====
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− | =====Serous=====
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− | =====Catarrhal=====
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− | =====Fibrinous=====
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− | =====Diptheritic=====
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− | =====Haemorrhagic=====
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− | =====Purulent=====
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− | =====Functions of Exudate=====
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− | =====Sequel to Exudation=====
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− | ====Cells====
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− | =====Neutrophils=====
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− | =====Eosinophils=====
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− | =====Mast Cells=====
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− | =====Basophils=====
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− | ===Chronic===
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− | ====Introduction====
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− | ====Cells====
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− | =====Macrophages=====
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− | =====Lymphocytes=====
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− | ====Types====
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− | =====Granulomatous Inflammation=====
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− | =====Granulation Tissue=====
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− | =====Lymphocytic Inflammation=====
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− | ===Changes in Inflammatory Cells Circulating in Blood===
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− | ====Neutrophilia====
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− | ====Neutopenia====
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− | ====Eosinophilia====
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− | ====Eosinopenia====
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− | ====Lymphocytosis====
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− | ====Lymphopenia====
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− | ====Plasma Cells====
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− | ====Monocytosis====
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− | ===Role of The Lymph Node in Inflammation===
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− | ===Healing and Repair===
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− | ====Introduction====
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− | ====Repair====
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− | =====Regeneration=====
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− | =====Replacement=====
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− | ====In Particular Tissues====
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− | =====Skin=====
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− | ======First Intention======
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− | ======Second Intention======
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− | =====Bones=====
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− | =====Respiratory Tract=====
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− | =====Alimentary Tract=====
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− | =====Urinary Tract=====
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− | =====Genital Tract=====
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− | =====Central Nervous System=====
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− | ==Growth Disorders==
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− | ===Congenital===
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− | ====Causes====
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− | ====Malformations====
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− | =====Cyclops=====
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− | =====Bulldog Calf=====
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− | =====Cleft Palate=====
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− | =====Cystic Kidney=====
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− | =====Spina Bifida=====
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− | =====Hydrocephalus=====
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− | =====Cerebellar Hypoplasia=====
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− | =====Skeletal Malformations=====
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− | =====Skin Defects=====
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− | =====Muscular Defects=====
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− | =====Cardiac Defects=====
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− | =====Sexual Organ Malformation=====
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− | =====Metabolic Diseases=====
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− | ===Growth Disorders During Life===
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− | ====Atrophy====
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− | ====Hypertrophy====
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− | ====Hypoplasia====
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− | ====Hyperplasia====
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− | ====Metaplasia====
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− | ====Dysplasia====
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− | ====Anaplasia====
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− | ====Neoplasia====
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− | =====Benign Tumours=====
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− | =====Malignant Tumours=====
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− | =====Aetiology of Tumours=====
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− | =====Phases of Tumour Growth=====
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− | =====Tumour Classification and Nomenclature=====
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