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| − | ==Introduction==
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:General Pathology]] |
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| − | * The term '''pathology''' is derived from:
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| − | ** '''Pathos''', or suffering
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| − | ** '''Logos''', or reasoning/logic.
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| − | * There are several definitions of "pathology":
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| − | *# The science of the study of disease.
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| − | *# The scientific study of disease that is concerned with the abnormal states of the body, with the functional disorders that accompany these states, and with the agents and mechanisms that bring them about.
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| − | *# The study of disease including:
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| − | *#* Aetiology - causal factor(s)
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| − | *#* Pathogenesis - the development of the disease within the body.
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| − | *#* Lesions - the observable structural changes in the tissues and fluids of the body.
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| − | *#* Pathophysiology - the functional changes in diseased tissues.
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| − | *#* Sequel - the consequences of the disease in the body.
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| − | *#* Remote effects - the effect of disease in one tissue on other tissues in the body.
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| − | ===Lesions===
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| − | | |
| − | * Lesions are the abnormalities or changes seen in living tissues due to disease.
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| − | * Observed in
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| − | ** The live animal
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| − | ** Tissues surgically removed from the live animal
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| − | *** Biopsy/ excision
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| − | ** In animals soon after death
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| − | *** Necropsy, post-mortem examination.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Decription of Lesions====
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| − | | |
| − | * Descriptions of lesions is very important
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| − | * Whole organs, tissues or individual lesions are described under headings such as
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| − | *# Size
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| − | *# Shape
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| − | *# Colour
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| − | *# Weight - generally referred to body weight
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| − | *# Texture and Consistency
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| − | *# Appearance of the cut surface
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| − | *# Contents of hollow organs
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| − | *# Position, relationships and effects on adjacent tissues
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| − | | |
| − | ===Disease===
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| − | ====Definition and Type====
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| − | ====Factors Involved in the Development of Disease====
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| − | ====Types of Agents Causing Disease====
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| − | ====Aspects of Disease====
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| − | ====Post Mortem Examination====
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| − | ====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
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| − | | |
| − | ==Degenerations and Infiltrations==
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| − | | |
| − | ===Cellular Swelling===
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| − | ===Hydropic Degeneration===
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| − | ===Cellular Faty Change===
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| − | ===Mucoid Degeneration===
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| − | ===Hyaline Degeneration===
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| − | ====Fibrinoid Degeneration====
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| − | ====Amyloidosis====
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| − | ===Glycogen Infiltration===
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| − | ===Cellular Inclusions===
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| − | ==Necrosis==
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| − | ===Causes of Necrosis===
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| − | ===Gross and Histological Features of Necrotic Lesions===
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| − | ====Coagulation Necrosis====
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| − | ====Liquefactive Necrosis====
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| − | ====Caseation Necrosis====
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| − | ===Sequel to Necrosis===
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| − | ====Fat Necrosis====
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| − | ====Gangrene====
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| − | ==Post Mortem Change==
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| − | ===Types of Post Mortem Change===
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| − | ====Rigor Mortis====
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| − | | |
| − | ====Post Mortem Clotting of Blood====
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| − | ====Hypostatic Congestion====
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| − | ====Post Mortem Imbibition of Blood====
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| − | ====Inbibition of Bile Pigment====
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| − | ====Gaseous Distenstion of the Alimentary Tract====
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| − | ====Autolysis====
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| − | ====Putrefaction====
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| − | | |
| − | ==Pigmentation and Calcification==
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| − | | |
| − | ===Exogenous Pigmentation===
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| − | ====Carbon (Anthracosis)====
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| − | ====Pneumoconiosis====
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| − | ====Carotenoids====
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| − | ===Endogenous Pigmentation===
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| − | ====Melanin====
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| − | ====Blood Pigments====
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| − | =====Haemoglobin=====
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| − | =====Haemosiderin=====
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| − | =====Haematin=====
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| − | =====Jaundice=====
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| − | =====Haematoidin=====
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| − | =====Porphyria=====
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| − | ====Lipofuscin====
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| − | ===Mineralisation===
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| − | ====Calcification====
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| − | =====Dystrophic=====
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| − | =====Metastatic (Hypercalcaemia)=====
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| − | ==Circulatory Disorders==
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| − | | |
| − | ===Introduction====
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| − | | |
| − | ====Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia====
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| − | | |
| − | ====Oedema====
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| − | | |
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| − | ====Dehydration====
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| − | ====Shock====
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| − | ====Haemorrhage====
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| − | =====Rhexis=====
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| − | =====Diapedesis=====
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| − | ====Haemostasis====
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| − | ====Thrombus====
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| − | =====Causes=====
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| − | =====Evolution=====
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| − | =====Embolism=====
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| − | =====Post Mortem Clots=====
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| − | | |
| − | ====Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation====
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| − | | |
| − | ==Inflammation==
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| − | | |
| − | ===Cardinal Signs===
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| − | | |
| − | ===Causes===
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| − | | |
| − | ===Acute===
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| − | ====Introduction====
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| − | ====Sequence of Events====
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| − | ====Fluids====
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| − | =====Serous=====
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| − | =====Catarrhal=====
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| − | =====Fibrinous=====
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| − | =====Diptheritic=====
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| − | =====Haemorrhagic=====
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| − | =====Purulent=====
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| − | =====Functions of Exudate=====
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| − | =====Sequel to Exudation=====
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| − | ====Cells====
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| − | =====Neutrophils=====
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| − | =====Eosinophils=====
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| − | =====Mast Cells=====
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| − | =====Basophils=====
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| − | ===Chronic===
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| − | ====Introduction====
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| − | ====Cells====
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| − | =====Macrophages=====
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| − | =====Lymphocytes=====
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| − | ====Types====
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| − | =====Granulomatous Inflammation=====
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| − | =====Granulation Tissue=====
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| − | =====Lymphocytic Inflammation=====
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| − | | |
| − | ===Changes in Inflammatory Cells Circulating in Blood===
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| − | ====Neutrophilia====
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| − | ====Neutopenia====
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| − | ====Eosinophilia====
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| − | ====Eosinopenia====
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| − | ====Lymphocytosis====
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| − | ====Lymphopenia====
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| − | ====Plasma Cells====
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| − | ====Monocytosis====
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| − | | |
| − | ===Role of The Lymph Node in Inflammation===
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| − | | |
| − | ===Healing and Repair===
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| − | ====Introduction====
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| − | ====Repair====
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| − | =====Regeneration=====
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| − | =====Replacement=====
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| − | ====In Particular Tissues====
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| − | =====Skin=====
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| − | ======First Intention======
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| − | ======Second Intention======
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| − | =====Bones=====
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| − | =====Respiratory Tract=====
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| − | =====Alimentary Tract=====
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| − | =====Urinary Tract=====
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| − | =====Genital Tract=====
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| − | =====Central Nervous System=====
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| − | ==Growth Disorders==
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| − | | |
| − | ===Congenital===
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| − | ====Causes====
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| − | ====Malformations====
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| − | =====Cyclops=====
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| − | =====Bulldog Calf=====
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| − | =====Cleft Palate=====
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| − | =====Cystic Kidney=====
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| − | =====Spina Bifida=====
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| − | =====Hydrocephalus=====
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| − | =====Cerebellar Hypoplasia=====
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| − | =====Skeletal Malformations=====
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| − | =====Skin Defects=====
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| − | =====Muscular Defects=====
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| − | =====Cardiac Defects=====
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| − | =====Sexual Organ Malformation=====
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| − | =====Metabolic Diseases=====
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| − | | |
| − | ===Growth Disorders During Life===
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| − | ====Atrophy====
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| − | ====Hypertrophy====
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| − | ====Hypoplasia====
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| − | ====Hyperplasia====
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| − | ====Metaplasia====
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| − | ====Dysplasia====
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| − | ====Anaplasia====
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| − | ====Neoplasia====
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| − | =====Benign Tumours=====
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| − | =====Malignant Tumours=====
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| − | =====Aetiology of Tumours=====
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| − | =====Phases of Tumour Growth=====
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| − | =====Tumour Classification and Nomenclature=====
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