Difference between revisions of "Asfarviridae"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Asfarviridae]]
 
 
{{toplink
 
|linkpage =Viruses
 
|linktext =VIRUSES
 
|pagetype =Bugs
 
}}
 
<br>
 
 
 
=Introduction=
 
Asfarviridae receives it's name from '''A'''frican '''S'''wine '''F'''ever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses.  ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with [[Classical Swine Fever]].
 
 
 
=Morphology=
 
*Large, enveloped, icosahedral, '''cytoplasmic''' DNA virus
 
 
 
=Virulence and Pathogenesis=
 
*Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks'''
 
*Enters bloodstream in [[[[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]]]]
 
*Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days
 
*Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells
 
*Also affects lymphocytes:
 
**Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines
 
**Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody
 
*General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity
 
 
 
''Acute Virus (Africa)''
 
*Clinical Signs:
 
**Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin
 
*Death within 7 days
 
*PM: widespread internal hemorrhage
 
 
 
''Subacute Virus (Europe)''
 
*PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule
 
*Mortality: 30-70%
 
*Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling
 
 
 
=Epidemiology=
 
*Can persist on infected premises for months
 
*Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers
 
*Transfer:
 
**Africa: vertical transfer between '''soft ticks'''
 
**Europe/Africa: '''direct contact''' with carrier pigs, '''aerosol''', infected swill, etc.
 
 
 
=Diagnosis=
 
*Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes
 
*Test to distinguish from  [[Classical Swine Fever]] and [[Porcine Circoviruses]]
 
*Immunofluorescence
 
*PCR
 
 
 
=Control=
 
*No vaccine is available
 
Prevention:
 
*Boiling swill
 
*Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs
 
*Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact)
 

Latest revision as of 13:23, 21 May 2010