Difference between revisions of "Calliphoridae"

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(Created page with 'thumb|right|150px|Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae) - Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons [[Image:Lucilia cuprina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Lucilia c…')
 
 
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[[Image:Calliphoridae.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae) - Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons]]
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[[Image:Calliphoridae.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae)'' <br> Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons]]
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[[Image:Lucilia cuprina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Lucilia cuprina'' - Wikimedia Commons]]
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[[Image:Lucilia cuprina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Lucilia cuprina'' <br> Giancarlodessi 2009, Wikimedia Commons]]
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[[Image:Blow fly head.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Blowfly Head Close Up - Martin Pot - Wikimedia Commons]]
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[[Image:Blow fly head.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Blowfly Head Close Up'' <br> Martin Pot, Wikimedia Commons]]
 
*The ''Calliphoridae'' family are '''facultative''' parasites
 
*The ''Calliphoridae'' family are '''facultative''' parasites
  
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*Cause '''blowfly strike'''
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*Cause <big>[[Blowfly Strike|'''blowfly strike''']]</big>
  
 
*If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be '''blown'''
 
*If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be '''blown'''
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*''Lucilia cuprina''; South Africa and Australia
 
*''Lucilia cuprina''; South Africa and Australia
  
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*''Chrysomya spp.''; Africa, Asia and Australia
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*[[Chrysomya bezziana|''Chrysomya spp.'']]; Africa, Asia and Australia
  
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*''Wohlfahrtia''; Fleshfly
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*[[Wohlfahrtia spp.|''Wohlfahrtia'']]; Fleshfly
  
  
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*Flies can survive the winter as pupae and emerge the next spring
 
*Flies can survive the winter as pupae and emerge the next spring
  
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==Test yourself with the Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards==
  
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'''Epidemiology'''
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[[Myiasis_Producing_Flies_Flashcards|Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards]]
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<br>Blowflies are divided into categories depending on their ability to initiate strike
 
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*Primary flies are capable of initiating a strike on living sheep. Larvae can penetrate intact skin
 
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**''Lucilia''
 
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**''Phormia''
 
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**''Calliphora spp.''
 
  
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*Secondary flies cannot initiate a strike. Larvae attack an area already struck or damaged, extending it
 
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**''Calliphora spp.''
 
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**''Chrysomya spp.'' (in warmer climates)
 
  
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*Tertiary flies attack lesions on carcasses which have become dry
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[[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]]
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**''Musca''
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]
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**''Sarcophaga spp.''
 
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Predisposing factors to flystrike
 
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*Temperature
 
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**Temperature in the spring will determine when the overwintering larvae hatch
 
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**High temperature and humidity will create a microclimate in the fleece, attracting adult flies to lay eggs
 
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*Rainfall
 
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**Persistent rainfall will make the fleece microclimate attractive to adult flies. Females lay eggs after the rain ceases
 
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**Breeds with long, fine wool are the most susceptible
 
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*Host susceptibility
 
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**This is increased when putrefactive odours develop on the fleece due to bacterial decomposition of organic matter following soiling with urine or faeces
 
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**Merino sheep have a narrow breech area with excessive wrinkling making them more susceptible to soiling
 
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**A narrow opening of the penile sheath in rams and wethers may result in accumulation of urine and increase blowfly strike in this area
 
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**Cuts during shearing, fighting and barbed wire will also increase the incidence of blowfly strike
 
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Blowfly season
 
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*Temperate regions in '''June to September'''
 
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**Mostly in unshorn sheep in June
 
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**Lambs from July to September
 
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*Warmer regions have a more prolonged season due to greater number of blowfly generations
 
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'''Pathogenesis'''
 
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*Severe skin damage
 
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**Larvae lacerate skin with oral hooks and liquefy host tissue by secreting proteolytic enzymes
 
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*Skin lesions are extended and deepened
 
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**Secondary blowfly attack
 
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**Flies attracted to odour of decomposing tissue
 
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*Secondary bacterial infection
 
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*Production losses
 
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**Irritation and distress associated with skin lesions
 
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**Poor weight gain (often the first clinical sign)
 
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*Risk of strike is highest in warm, moist weather
 
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'''Clinical signs'''
 
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*Anorexia
 
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*Listlessness
 
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*Animals standing apart from flock
 
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*Fleece may appear darker, be damp and have a foul smell
 
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'''Control'''
 
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*Prophylactic [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]] treatment
 
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**Must kill larvae and remain in fleece to prevent flies from laying eggs
 
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**Applied by spraying, dipping, spray race or jetting
 
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*Insect growth regulators
 
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**Pour-on
 
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**2-4 month protection depending upon the product used
 
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*Effective worm control
 
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**To minimise diarrhoea and therefore soiled fleece
 
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*Crutching to prevent soiling
 
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*'Mule's operation'
 
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**Surgical removal of breech skin in Merino breeds
 
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*Tail docking of lambs
 
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*Proper carcass disposal
 
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**Eliminates fly breeding sites
 
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*Vaccination
 
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**Experimental use against ''Luculia cuprina'' in Australia[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]]
 

Latest revision as of 14:00, 20 August 2010

Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae)
Richard Bartz, Munich - Wikimedia Commons
Lucilia cuprina
Giancarlodessi 2009, Wikimedia Commons
Blowfly Head Close Up
Martin Pot, Wikimedia Commons
  • The Calliphoridae family are facultative parasites
  • If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be blown
  • The damage the larvae cause to the animal is known as strike
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Affects sheep mostly
    • Rabbits can also be affected


Species of veterinary importance in Europe

  • Lucilia sericata; Greenbottle
  • Phormia terra-novae; Blackbottle
  • Calliphora erythrocephala; Bluebottle
  • Calliphora vomitoria; Bluebottle


Species of veterinary importance in the Tropics

  • Lucilia cuprina; South Africa and Australia


Recognition of Adults

  • Medium sized flies under 10mm long
  • Metallic sheen to abdomen
    • Colour depends on species
  • Clear wings


Recognition of Larvae

  • Smooth maggots
  • 10-15mm long
  • Spiracles and stigmatic plates on the tail can be used for species differentiation


Life cycle

  • Eggs laid in wounds, soiled fleece and on carrion
    • Females attracted by the odour emitted
    • Clusters of yellow-cream eggs laid
  • Larvae hatch 24 hours later and crawl down onto the skin
    • Feed rapidly
    • Grow rapidly
    • Moult twice before becoming full maggots
    • Process takes 1-2 weeks
  • Larvae fall to the ground to pupate
  • Adult emerges in under 1 week (during summer)
  • The female reaches sexual maturity after a protein meal
    • Lays eggs in batches of 100-200
  • Adult flies survive for 1 month
  • Four generations can develop between May and September
    • In warmer climates, up to 9 or 10 generations can develop per year
  • Flies can survive the winter as pupae and emerge the next spring

Test yourself with the Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards

Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards

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