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| − | | + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Integumentary System - Parasitic Infections]] |
| − | {{toplink
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| − | |backcolour = FFCCCC
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| − | |linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
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| − | |linktext =Integumentary System
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| − | |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
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| − | |pagetype =Pathology
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| − | |sublink1 = Skin Infectious - Pathology
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| − | |subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
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| − | }}
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==[[Flea Dermatosis]]==
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| − | ==[[Fly Dermatosis]]==
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| − | ===[[Myiasis]]===
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| − | ==Helminths==
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| − | ===[[Habronemiasis, Cutaneous]] ===
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| − | ===[[Hookworm Dermatosis]]===
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| − | ===[[Onchocerciasis]]===
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| − | ===[[Stephanofilariasis]]===
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| − | ==Lice==
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| − | [[Pediculosis]]
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| − | ==Mites==
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| − | ===Cheyletiellosis===
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| − | *Caused by [[Cheyletiella spp.''Cheyletiella'' sp.]]
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| − | *Occurs in dogs, cats, rabbits, humans and wild animals
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| − | *In dogs and cats: hyperkeratosis - dry, white, scaly dandruff along back
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| − | *May be asymptomatic
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Focal, multifocal or generalised red papules or crusts
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Superficial perivascular dermatitis
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| − | **Eosinophils
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| − | ===Chorioptic mites===
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| − | *Host-specific
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| − | *In cattle, horses, goats
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| − | *Caused by [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes'' spp.]]
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Erythematous, papular, crusty lesions
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| − | **Hairless, thickened skin
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| − | **Areas usually affected:
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| − | ***Horses: lower hind legs
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| − | ***Cattle: lower hind legs, scrotum, perineum, tail, udder, thigh
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| − | ***Sheep: lower hind legs and scrotum
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| − | ***Goats: lower hind legs, hindquarters, abdomen
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| − | | |
| − | ===Demodicosis===
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| − | *[[Demodex|''Demodex'']] are normal inhabitants of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
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| − | *Have to have increased number of immature mites to classify as infestation
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| − | *Host-specific
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| − | *Occurs in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and cats
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| − | *Transmits during nursing from dam to offspring
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| − | *''Demodex canis'' in dogs:
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| − | **Generalised or localised
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| − | **Mainly young dogs affected or adults with other disease ([[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Adrenal Hyperfunction|hyperadrenocorticism]], [[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]])
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| − | **Often inherited in pure bred
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| − | **Grossly:
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| − | ***Localised: scaly, erythematous, macular, alopecic areas; usually face or front legs
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| − | ***Generalised: large, coalescing lesions, patches, erythema, alopecia, scales, crusts
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| − | **Microscopically:
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| − | ***Localised: lymphoplasmacytic perifolliculitis with hyperkeratinisation, sebaceous adenitis, low pigment, intraluminal mites
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| − | ***Generalised: perifolliculitis and follicular hyperkeratosis, follicular pluggingf, bacterial proliferation, bacterial neutrophilic folliculitis
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| − | ****May cause folliculat rupture -> furunculosis, cellulitis, lymphadenitis and septicaemia
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| − | ===Notoedric mites===
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| − | *Rare but very contagious
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| − | *Caused by [[Notoedres|''Notoedres cati'']]
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Erythematous papular rash -> scales, crusts, alopecia -> lichenification when chronic
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| − | **Start on neck and ears -> head, face, paws -> generalised
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis, crusts
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| − | **Superficial perivascular dermatitis
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| − | **Eosinophils
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| − | ===Otodectic mites===
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| − | *Caused by [[Otodectes cynotis|''Otodectes cynotis'']]
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| − | *In external ear canals of carnivores, occasionally elsewhere
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| − | ===Psoroptic mites===
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| − | *Occurs in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, rabbits and other animals
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| − | *Host-specific
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| − | *[[Psoroptes cuniculi|''Psoroptes cuniculi'']] in ear canals of rabbits, horses, goats and sheep
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| − | *[[Psoroptes|''P.equi'']] at base of mane, tail and forelock in horses
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| − | *[[Psoroptes ovis|''P.ovis'']] in sheep ('''sheep scab''')and cattle
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| − | **Thickened skin and dry scales and crusts
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| − | **Starts at withers and spreads due to self trauma
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| − | **Microscopically:
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| − | ***Spongiotic, hyperplastic or exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis
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| − | ***Eosinophils
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| − | ===Scabies===
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| − | *Caused by [[Sarcoptes|''Sarcoptes scabiei'']]
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| − | *Highly contagious
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| − | *Mainly in pigs, dogs, also horses, cattle, sheep, goats and cats
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| − | *Intense pruritus due hypersensitivity to mites borrowing through stratum corneum
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| − | *Usually starts with external pinnae -> head -> neck -> generalised
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Erythematous [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|macules, papules, crusts]]
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| − | **If chronic -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenified]], hairless
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Hyperplastic, spongiotic, superficial perivascular dermatitis
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| − | **Crusting, eosinophil infiltration
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| − | **Mites are not commonly seen, but eggs and feces may be found in stratumn corneum
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| − | ===Trombiculidiasis===
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| − | *Harvest mite infestation (chiggers) - [[Trombicula autumnalis|''Trombicula'' sp.]]
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| − | *Form tunnels in epidermis by injecting saliva - eat digested tissue fluid
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| − | *Intense pruritus
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Small, red [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papules or crusts]]
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| − | **Orange to red larvae
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| − | **On skin close to plants or the ground
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Hyperplastic, superficial perivascular dermatitis
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| − | **[[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]], [[Mast Cells|mast cells]]
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| − | **Intraepidermal mites
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| − | ==Protozoa==
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| − | *Cutaneous infection may become a part of systemic infection
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| − | *Mostly caused by [[Protozoa|''Leishmania'']]
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| − | *Transmitted by [[Insecta|sandflies]]
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| − | *Occurs in dogs, cats and rodents (also humans)
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| − | *Grossly in dog:
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| − | **Generalised alopecia
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| − | **Silvery white scales
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| − | **Nodules and ulcers if more severe
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| − | **Mainly on muzzle, ears and eyes where flies feed
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, crusts]]
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| − | **Granulomatous nodules in dermis
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| − | **Macrophages, some lymphocytes and plasma cells - periadnexal pattern, may affect sebaceous glands
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| − | **Organisms may be found extra or intracellularly
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| − | ==Ticks==
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| − | *Local reaction depends on host hypersensitivity and [[Ticks|tick's]] secretions
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Focal erosions, erythema, crusted ulcers, sometimes alopecia and nodules
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Epidermal and dermal necrosis
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| − | **Perivascular of diffuse inflammation and necrotic margins
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| − | **Eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in exudate
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| − | **May form granulomas containing collagenous fibres and lymphoid follicles within dermis
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