Changes

At approximately one third distally along the humerus are two musclar attachment processes; the teres (major) tuberosity and the deltoid tuberosity. The deltoid tuberosity runs laterally along the humerus and is joined to the greater tubercule via a ridge which can be palpated in canines. The teres tuberosity is on the medial aspect and is much less prominent. The distal aspect of the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna and to facilitate this articulation there are condyles on the lateral and medial aspects. In canines these condyles are divided into the '''trochlea notch''' which articulates with the ulna and the '''capitulum''' laterally for the radius. The groove of the trochlea notch forms the ''olecranon fossa'' which receives the anconeal process of the ulna allowing articulation of the joints. Proximal to the articular surfaces are epicondyles with the medial epicondyle being larger than the lateral. The medial epicondyle gives rise to the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits. The smaller lateral epicondyle gives rise to the extensor muscles of the carpus and digit. The epicondyles also facilitate the attachment of the collateral ligaments around the joint.

At approximately one third distally along the humerus are two musclar attachment processes; the teres (major) tuberosity and the deltoid tuberosity. The deltoid tuberosity runs laterally along the humerus and is joined to the greater tubercule via a ridge which can be palpated in canines. The teres tuberosity is on the medial aspect and is much less prominent. The distal aspect of the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna and to facilitate this articulation there are condyles on the lateral and medial aspects. In canines these condyles are divided into the '''trochlea notch''' which articulates with the ulna and the '''capitulum''' laterally for the radius. The groove of the trochlea notch forms the ''olecranon fossa'' which receives the anconeal process of the ulna allowing articulation of the joints. Proximal to the articular surfaces are epicondyles with the medial epicondyle being larger than the lateral. The medial epicondyle gives rise to the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits. The smaller lateral epicondyle gives rise to the extensor muscles of the carpus and digit. The epicondyles also facilitate the attachment of the collateral ligaments around the joint.

===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Radius|Radius]]===

===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Radius|Radius and Ulna]]===

A radial tuberosity provides a site of attachment for brachialis and biceps brachii mm. This roughened area is very variable in size in dogs and can be non-existent.

A radial tuberosity provides a site of attachment for brachialis and biceps brachii mm. This roughened area is very variable in size in dogs and can be non-existent.