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*Diagnosis:
*Diagnosis:
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
**
**Blood smear from an ear or tail vein of ruminants, or peritoneal fluid from pigs stained with polychrome methylene blue
**Chains of square-ended blue rods surrounded by mauve capsules
**Culture on blood and MacConkey agar (no growth on MacConkey)
**Biochemical tests
*Treatment:
**High doses of penicillin G or oxytetracylcine
*Control:
**Report suspected cases - notifiable
**Spores destroyed by sterilisation
**Endemic regions:
***Live Sterne spore vaccine which produces toxin but has no capsule, therefore is non-pathogenic; stimulates protective antibody
***Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin
**Non-endemic regions after an outbreak:
***Movement restrictions
***Footbath with sporicidal disinfectant
***Fumigate buildings with formaldehyde
***Dispose carcases and contaminated material
***Isolate in-contact animals