Changes

==Abnormal Tooth Shape or Structure==

==Abnormal Tooth Shape or Structure==

*'''Enamel dysplasia''' can be caused by systemic diseases (for example, viral infection such as [[Canine Distemper|distemper]]) or trauma during development, and also by hereditary or nutritional factors. Radiographs should be made to determine whether [[Enamel Organ#Root|tooth root]] [[Tooth Development|development]] was also affected.

*'''Enamel dysplasia''' can be caused by systemic diseases (for example, viral infection such as [[Canine Distemper|distemper]]) or trauma during development, and also by hereditary or nutritional factors. Radiographs should be made to determine whether [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|tooth root]] [[Tooth Development|development]] was also affected.

*'''Supernumerary roots''' most commonly affect maxillary third premolar teeth in both dogs and cats. Most are not associated with pathology and may be considered a variation of normal. These can be clinically significant if associated with [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]], and during extraction or endodontic treatment of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].

*'''Supernumerary roots''' most commonly affect maxillary third premolar teeth in both dogs and cats. Most are not associated with pathology and may be considered a variation of normal. These can be clinically significant if associated with [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]], and during extraction or endodontic treatment of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].

*'''Fusion''' of two tooth germs results in a single large tooth and one fewer tooth in the arch.

*'''Fusion''' of two tooth germs results in a single large tooth and one fewer tooth in the arch.

*'''Gemination''' is the attempt of a single [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organ]] to make two teeth. The result is a tooth with two [[Enamel Organ#Crown|crowns]] on one [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]]. In single-rooted teeth, this cannot be differentiated from the fusion of the root of a normal tooth with that of a supernumerary tooth. In multirooted teeth, fusion of supernumerary teeth is more apparent. When complete separation forms two teeth from one tooth germ, the result is a type of supernumerary tooth called “twinning”. Supernumerary mandibular fourth premolar teeth are commonly bilateral in cats.

*'''Gemination''' is the attempt of a single [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organ]] to make two teeth. The result is a tooth with two [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Crown|crowns]] on one [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|root]]. In single-rooted teeth, this cannot be differentiated from the fusion of the root of a normal tooth with that of a supernumerary tooth. In multirooted teeth, fusion of supernumerary teeth is more apparent. When complete separation forms two teeth from one tooth germ, the result is a type of supernumerary tooth called “twinning”. Supernumerary mandibular fourth premolar teeth are commonly bilateral in cats.

*'''Convergent roots''' occur most commonly on mandibular first molar teeth in small-breed dogs. Affected teeth frequently develop [[Endodontic Conditions|endodontic disease]]. The clinical crowns of affected molar teeth often appear normal except for a developmental groove close to the mid-buccal gingival margin. Premolar teeth can also have convergent roots, sometimes with incomplete separation of the roots during development.

*'''Convergent roots''' occur most commonly on mandibular first molar teeth in small-breed dogs. Affected teeth frequently develop [[Endodontic Conditions|endodontic disease]]. The clinical crowns of affected molar teeth often appear normal except for a developmental groove close to the mid-buccal gingival margin. Premolar teeth can also have convergent roots, sometimes with incomplete separation of the roots during development.

*'''Dens in dente''', or '''dens invaginatus''', is an infolding of the developing tooth of varying severity that can result in [[Periodontal Conditions|periodontal problems]] and endodontic involvement.

*'''Dens in dente''', or '''dens invaginatus''', is an infolding of the developing tooth of varying severity that can result in [[Periodontal Conditions|periodontal problems]] and endodontic involvement.

*'''Enamel pearls''' are deposits of [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] on the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] that sometimes have [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentin]] involvement and rarely [[Enamel Organ#Pulp|pulp]] as well. As the [[Enamel Organ#Periodontal Ligament|periodontal ligament]] is unable attach to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] they may contribute to [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]].

*'''Enamel pearls''' are deposits of [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] on the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|root]] that sometimes have [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Dentin|dentin]] involvement and rarely [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Pulp|pulp]] as well. As the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Periodontal Ligament|periodontal ligament]] is unable attach to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] they may contribute to [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]].

<br><br>

<br><br>