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→What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?
**Virulent organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Virulent organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Virulence is reduced by growing the organism in altered conditions so that it is less able to replicate when introduced to the host and therefore less likely to cause disease
**Virulence is reduced by growing the organism in altered conditions so that it is less able to replicate when introduced to the host and therefore less likely to cause disease
**Produces a superior response to disease than using killed organisms as the dose of antigen is larger and more sustained
**Response takes place at site of natural infection producing a greater local response than with killed organism vaccines
*Killed inactivated organism or toxin (toxoid)
*Killed inactivated organism or toxin (toxoid)
**The gene for the antigen required is inserted into a virus vector or cloned into bacteria
**The gene for the antigen required is inserted into a virus vector or cloned into bacteria
**Small antigens, such as peptides can be synthetically produced
**Small antigens, such as peptides can be synthetically produced
**E.g. being developed constantly to fight the Inflenza viruses
*DNA coding for proteins (antigens)
*DNA coding for proteins (antigens)
**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II responses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II responses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity
*Adjuvants decrease the number of injection needed and the amount of antigen administered
==Which type of vaccine is used for each disease?==
==Which type of vaccine is used for each disease?==