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→Babesia
==''Babesia''==
==''Babesia''==
[[Image:Babesia Life Cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Babesia Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
[[Image:Babesia Life Cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Babesia'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
*The [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] is the definitive host
*The [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] is the definitive host
*''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding'''
**Forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent)
**Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Diffquik' stain
* May cause haemolysis and [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]].
*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
*Small ''Babesia''
**E.g. ''B. divergens''
**E.g. ''B. gibsoni''
**Peripheral nucleus
**Obtuse angle
*Large ''Babesia''
**E.g. ''B. major''
**E.g. ''B. canis-complex''
**Central nucleus
**Acute angle
*Daughter cells disrupt the red blood cell and are released
**Spread and infect other red blood cells
*Antigen is released which absorbs onto other red blood cells
**Causes haemolysis and [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
*In cattle:
**Sudden onset
**Often fatal if untreated
**Causes 'pipestem' faeces
**Clumping of red blood cells in brain capillaries can occur causing neurological signs
'''Epidemiology'''
'''Epidemiology'''