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| '''Epidemiology''' | | '''Epidemiology''' |
| + | *Vector distribution |
| + | **[[Biting Flies#Glossinidae|Tsetse flies]] found in riverine, savannah and forest habitats |
| + | **Up to 20% [[Biting Flies|flies]] infected |
| + | **[[Biting Flies|Flies]] infected for life |
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| + | *Parasite virulence |
| + | **Some parasitaemic animals survive for long periods of time |
| + | ***E.g. ''T. brucei'' and ''T. congolense'' |
| + | ***Increases the opportunity for infection of [[Biting Flies|flies]] |
| + | **Some trypanosomes kill their host in 1-2 weeks |
| + | ***E.g. ''T. vivax'' |
| + | ***Decreases the chances of [[Biting Flies|fly]] infection |
| + | **Trypanosomes avoid host immune defences by altering glycoprotein coat (surface antigen) before host [[Immunoglobulin - WikiBlood|antibodt]] response |
| + | ***'''Antigenic variation''' can occur many times over several months causes relapsing parasitaemia |
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| + | *Host response |
| + | **Trypanotolerant wild animals remain parasitaemic for prolpnged periods without showing clincial signs of disease |
| + | ***Cause lasting reservoirs of infection |
| + | **Most domestic livestock are susceptible to trypanosomosis |
| + | **Some local breeds of sheep, goats and cattle are trypanotolerant |
| + | ***E.g. ''Bos indicus'' |
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| '''Diagnosis''' | | '''Diagnosis''' |