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Taenia (view source)

Revision as of 21:37, 21 December 2008

3,651 bytes added ,  21:37, 21 December 2008
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Like most adult tapeworms, Taenia species live in the small intestine. The different species vary in length from 0.5-15m long. Identification is based on the hooks on the scolex. Despite their impressive size, the adult tapeworms of little clinical significance. The metacestodes of some species, however, may cause disease or meat inspection losses. The human pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a dangerous zoonosis but, fortunately, it does not occur in the UK.
 
Like most adult tapeworms, Taenia species live in the small intestine. The different species vary in length from 0.5-15m long. Identification is based on the hooks on the scolex. Despite their impressive size, the adult tapeworms of little clinical significance. The metacestodes of some species, however, may cause disease or meat inspection losses. The human pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a dangerous zoonosis but, fortunately, it does not occur in the UK.
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{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
    
!'''Taenia'''
 
!'''Taenia'''
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!'''Metacestode'''
 
!'''Metacestode'''
 
!'''Obsolete Name for Metacestode'''
 
!'''Obsolete Name for Metacestode'''
−
 
+
!'''Oxytocin'''
 +
!'''Oestradiol'''
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!'''Progesterone'''
 +
!'''Testosterone'''
 +
!'''Inhibin'''
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!'''Activin'''
 +
!'''Prostaglandin F2α'''
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!'''Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin'''
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!'''Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin'''
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!'''Placental Lactogen'''
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| Sensory - Afferent
+
| '''Abbreviation'''
−
| Neural crest
+
| GnRH
−
 
+
| LH
 +
| FSH
 +
| PRL
 +
| OT
 +
| E2
 +
| P4
 +
| T
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| PGF2α
 +
| PGE2
 +
| hCG
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| eCG
 +
| PL
 +
|-
 +
| '''Biochemical Classification'''
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| Neuropeptide (decapeptide)
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| Glycoprotein
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| Glycoprotein
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| Protein
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| Neuropeptide (Octapeptide)
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| Steroid
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| Steroid
 +
| Steroid
 +
| Glycoprotein
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| Glycoprotein
 +
| Prostaglandin (C20 fatty acid)
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| Prostaglandin (C20 fatty acid)
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| Glycoprotein
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| Glycoprotein
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| Protein
 +
|-
 +
| '''Source'''
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| Hypothalamic Surge and Tonic Centres
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Anterior Pituitary (Lactotroph Cells)
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| Synthesized in the Hypothalamus, Stored in the Posterior Pituitary, Synthesized by the Corpus Luteum
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| Granulosa Cells of Follicle, Placenta and Sertoli Cells of Testes
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| Corpus Luteum and Placenta
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| Interstitial Leydig Cells of Testes, Theca Interna Cells of the Follicle
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| Granulosa Cells (female), Sertoli Cells (male)
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| Granulosa Cells (female), Sertoli Cells (male)
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| Uterine Endometrium, Vesicular Glands
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| Ovary, Uterus, Embryonic Membranes
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| Trophoblast Cells of the Blastocyst (Chorion)
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| Chorionic Girdle Cells
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| Placenta
 +
|-
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| '''Male Target Tissue'''
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Testes (Leydig Cells)
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| Testes (Sertoli Cells)
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| Testes, Brain
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| Smooth Muscle of Epididymal Tail, Ductus Deferens, Ampulla
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| Brain, Inhibits Long Bone Growth
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| Accessory Sex Glands, Tunica Dartos (Scrotum), Semniferous Epithelium, Skeletal Muscle
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Epididymis
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Motor - Efferent
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| '''Female Target Tissue'''
−
| Basal plate of neural tube
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
−
 
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| Ovary (Theca Interna and Luteal Cells)
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| Ovary (Granulosa Cells)
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| Mammary Cells, Corpus Luteum in Rodents
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| Uterine Myometrium and Endometrium, Myoepithelial Cells of Mammary Glands
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| Hypothalamus, Entire Tract, Mammary Gland
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| Uterine Endometrium, Mammary Gland, Myometrium, Hypothalamus
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| Brain, Skeletal Muscle, Granulosa Cells
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotroph Cells)
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| Corpus Luteum, Uterine Myometrium, Ovulatory Follicles
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| Corpus Luteum, Oviduct
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| Ovary
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| Ovary
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| Mammary Gland
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Association - Interneurones
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| '''Male Primary Action'''
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| Alar plate of neural tube
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| Release of FSH and LH from the Anterior Pituitary Gland
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| Stimulates Testosterone Production
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| Sertoli Cell Function
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| Induce Maternal Behaviour
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| PGF2α Synthesis, Pre-Ejaculatory Movement of Spermatozoa
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| Sexual Behaviour
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|
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| Anabolic Growth, Promotes Spermatogenesis, Promotes Secretion of Accessory Sex Glands
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| Inhibits FSH Secretion
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| Stimulates FSH Secretion
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| Affects Metabolic Activity of Spermatozoa, Epididymal Contractions
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|
 +
| Increased Growth of Foetal Testes
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|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
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| '''Female Primary Action'''
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| Release of FSH and LH from Anterior Pituitary Gland
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| Stimulates Ovulation, Formation of Corpora Lutea and Progesterone Secretion
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| Follicular Development, Oestradiol Synthesis
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| Lactation, Maternal Behaviour, Corpora Lutea Function (some species)
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| Uterine Motility, Uterine PGF2α Synthesis, Milk Ejection
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| Sexual Behaviour, GnRH, Elevated Secretory Activity of Tract, Enhanced Uterine Motility
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| Endometrial Secretion, Inhibits GnRH Release,Inhibits Reproductive Behaviour, Maintenance of Pregnancy
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| Substrate For E2 Synthesis, Abnormal Masculinization
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| Inhibits FSH Secretion
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| Stimulates FSH Secretion
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| Luteolysis, Uterine Tone and Contraction, Ovulation
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|Ovulation, Corpus Luteum Secretion of Progesterone
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| Facilitates Ovarian Production of Progesterone
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| Formation of Accessory Corpora Lutea
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| Mammary Stimulation
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|
 
|}
 
|}
  
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