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*Cause abscess formation and septicaemia
 
*Cause abscess formation and septicaemia
 
*Cause mastitis, metritis, polyarthritis, meningitis
 
*Cause mastitis, metritis, polyarthritis, meningitis
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*Primary or secondary infections following viral infection
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*Neonatal septicaemia related to maternal genital tract infection
 
*Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
 
*Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
 
*Opportunistic infections
 
*Opportunistic infections
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===Clinical infections===
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===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles]]===
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*Primary or secondary infections following viral infection
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*Epidemiology
*Neonatal septicaemia related to maternal genital tract infection
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**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
*Strangles
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**Highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
   
**Upper respiratory tract disease with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
 
**Upper respiratory tract disease with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
 
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
 
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
**
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**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
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**Chronic, carrier state can occur with bacteria im the guttural pouch
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**A mild, atypical form can occur
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**''S. equi'' shed for 4 weeks beyond clinical resolution
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*Clinical signs
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**Incubation period 3 to 6 days
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**Fever, depression, anorexia
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**Purulent nasal discharge
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**Swollen, painful regional lymph nodes, especially submandibular
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**Abscessation and rupture of lymph nodes
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**Guttural pouch empyema
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**100% morbidity; 5% mortality
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**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or purpura haemorrhagica (an immune-mediated disease)
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**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
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*Diagnosis
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**Clinical signs and history
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**Mucoid colonies with beta-haemolysis
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**Sugar fermentation allows differentiation of ''S. equi'' from ''S. zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis''
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**PCR to detect asymptomatic carriers
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*Treatment and control
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**Penicillin administration to in-contact animals
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**Isolation of affected animals
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**Quaranteen in-coming animals
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**Avoid overcrowding and mixing different age groups
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**Disinfection of equipment
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===''Streptococcus suis''===
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