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** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
** Food poisoning ([[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Campylobacter jejuni|Campylobacter jejuni]]).
** Food poisoning ([[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Campylobacter jejuni|Campylobacter jejuni]]).
===Overview===
*Live on mucosa of intestinal and genital tract and can be commensals or pathogens
*Enteric species cause disease in humans
*Other species cause infertility and abortion in cattle and sheep
*Excreted in faeces of birds, (''C. jejuni'' and ''C. lari'') as well as pigs contaminating water and food supplies
*''C. fetus'' restricted to bovine prepucial mucosa
===Characteristics===
*Curved, Gram negative rods
*Polar flagellum aids motility
*Daughter cells remain joined giving gull-wing or spiral appearance
*Microaerophilic
*Sensitive to drying
*Thermophilic species - ''C. jejuni, C. coli''
*Non-thermophilic species e.g. ''C. fetus''
*Grow on enriched media e.g. Skirrow agar in 1-10% carbon dioxide and 5-10% oxygen tension
*Many grow on MacConkey
*Oxidase positive, non-fermentative
*''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'' and subspecies ''fetus'' have small, round, smooth, translucent colonies
*''C. jejuni'' has small, flat, grey colonies with watery appearance
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
*''C. fetus'' subspecies ''fetus'' and subspecies ''venerealis'' possess a microcapsule (S layer) which resists phagocytosis and serum-mediated destruction and enhances survival in the genital tract
*''C. jejuni'' attaches and invades host enterocytes and produces enterotoxin-like substances
===Clinical infections===
===Diagnosis===
===Control===
===Treatment===