829
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
==Clinical Significance==
==Clinical Significance==
Azotaemia may cause the clinical syndrome of [[Uraemia|'''uraemia''']], affecting multiple organ systems.
Azotaemia may cause the clinical syndrome of [[Uraemia|'''uraemia''']], affecting multiple organ systems. The causes of azotaemia are usually divided into pre-renal, renal and post-renal:
*'''Pre-renal azotaemia''' occurs when the kidney receives insufficient oxygen to maintain its metabolism:
**'''Dehydration/hypovolaemia''', reducing renal blood flow.
**'''Heart failure''' results in a reduced cardiac output, reducing renal blood flow.
**'''Anaemia''' reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the kidneys.
**'''Portal hypertension''' may result in splanchnic pooling of blood and reduced renal blood flow.
*'''Renal azotaemia''' results from direct insults to the kidney:
**'''Exogenous toxins''' including heavy metals, [[Aminoglycosides|aminoglycosides]], [[Tetracyclines|tetracyclines]], polymixin B, cisplatin, lilies in cats and grapes in dogs.
**'''Endogenous toxins''' including haemoglobin, myoglobin and calcium.
**Infection as in '''pyelonephritis''', '''interstitial nephritis''' (as caused by [[Leptospirosis - Cats and Dogs|''Leptospira spp.'']] or '''granulomatous nephritis''' (as caused by the dry form of [[Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]).
**'''Glomerulonephritis''' and '''[[Amyloidosis|amyloidosis]]'''.
**'''Neoplasia''', including adenocarcinoma in dogs and lymphoma in cats.
*'''Post-renal azotaemia''' results from obstructions to the urinary tract:
**'''[[Urolithiasis - Small Animal|Urolithiasis]]'''
**'''Rupture of the urinary tract''', often due to trauma and causing [[Uroabdomen|uroabdomen]].
**'''Neoplasia'''.
[[Category:To_Do_-_James]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cat]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Donkey]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Blood_Sample]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_James]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cat]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Donkey]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Blood_Sample]]