Difference between revisions of "Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica"
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*''P. multocida'' in [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|cellulitis]] in cats | *''P. multocida'' in [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|cellulitis]] in cats | ||
| − | ===Overview ''Pasteurella''=== | + | ===Overview ''Pasteurella'' and ''Mannheimia''=== |
| − | *Common | + | *Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals |
*Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection | *Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection | ||
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*Not part of the human bacterial flora | *Not part of the human bacterial flora | ||
| + | *Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli | ||
| + | *Facultative anaerobes | ||
| + | *Oxidase-positive | ||
| + | *May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains | ||
| + | *Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides | ||
===''Pasteurella'' Properties=== | ===''Pasteurella'' Properties=== | ||
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*Catarrhal odour | *Catarrhal odour | ||
*Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death | *Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death | ||
| + | *Resist phagocytosis by their capsule | ||
===''Pasteurella multocida''=== | ===''Pasteurella multocida''=== | ||
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*Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents | *Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents | ||
*Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease | *Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease | ||
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| + | ===''Pasteurella trehalosi''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *T biotypes - trehalose fermenters | ||
| + | *Pneumonia in ruminants | ||
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*Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or [[Bacterial infections#Pneumonic pasteurellosis|pneumonic pasteurellosis]] | *Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or [[Bacterial infections#Pneumonic pasteurellosis|pneumonic pasteurellosis]] | ||
| − | *Usually secondary to viral infections such as [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] or [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]], or | + | *Usually secondary to viral infections such as [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] or [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]], bacterial infections such as ''Mycoplasma'' or environmental stress |
| − | *Causes pasteurellosis in sheep | + | *Causes pasteurellosis and mastitis in sheep |
*Beta-haemolytic on blood agar | *Beta-haemolytic on blood agar | ||
*Grow weakly on MacConkey agar | *Grow weakly on MacConkey agar | ||
| − | *All are ''Mannheimia'' A biotypes | + | *All are ''Mannheimia'' A biotypes (previously ''Pasterurella haemolytica'' |
*Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants | *Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants | ||
*Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia | *Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia | ||
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*Previously biotype A11 | *Previously biotype A11 | ||
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Revision as of 11:05, 17 December 2007
- Pasteurella multocida in Atrophic rhinitis of pigs and atrophic rhinitis
- Peritonitis in sheep
- Permeability types of pulmonary oedema.
- Can be secondary to IBR
- Causes 'Snuffles' in rabbits
- Manheimia haemolytica biotype A serotype 1 (90%) and Pasteurella multocida cause pneumonic pasteurellosis
- Pasteurellosis in pigs
- Can cause vascular fragility, leading to haemorrhagic disease.
- M. haemolytica and P. multocida may contribute to Enzootic pneumonia of calves
- Often follows parainfluenza - 3 infection of cattle
- P. haemolytica in enzootic pneumonia of lambs
- In pyothorax
- P. multocida in cellulitis in cats
Overview Pasteurella and Mannheimia
- Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals
- Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection
- Not part of the human bacterial flora
- Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli
- Facultative anaerobes
- Oxidase-positive
- May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains
- Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides
Pasteurella Properties
- Catarrhal odour
- Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death
- Resist phagocytosis by their capsule
Pasteurella multocida
- Large grey colonies on blood agar
- Not haemolytic
- Do not grow on MacConkey
- Four capsular serotypes, A,B,D,E and recently F
- Primary and secondary pathogen
- Responsible for secondary infections following primary viral and mycoplasmal infections, especially in the lungs, for example during pig enzootic pneumonia
- Typa A
- Commensal in upper respiratory tract of animals in UK
- Primary pathogen in fowl cholera - a septicaemia in chickens and turkeys
- Secondary pathogen commomly repsonsible for dog and cat bite wound infections in humans and animals
- Some strains involved in Atrophic rhinitis of pigs, and produce osteolytic toxin
- Involved in 'Snuffles' in rabbits (Pateurellosis)
- Type B
- Causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of cattle in Southern Europe and Asia
- Type D
- Primary and secondary pathogen
- Causes atrophic rhinitis along with Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs
- Produces an osteolytic toxin, which stimulates osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption of the nasal turbinates
- Type E
- Causes African Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
Pasteurella pneumotropica
- Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents
- Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease
Pasteurella trehalosi
- T biotypes - trehalose fermenters
- Pneumonia in ruminants
Mannheimia
Mannheimia haemolytica
- Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or pneumonic pasteurellosis
- Usually secondary to viral infections such as parainfluenza - 3 or IBR, bacterial infections such as Mycoplasma or environmental stress
- Causes pasteurellosis and mastitis in sheep
- Beta-haemolytic on blood agar
- Grow weakly on MacConkey agar
- All are Mannheimia A biotypes (previously Pasterurella haemolytica
- Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants
- Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia
Mannheimia glucosida
- Previously biotype A11