Difference between revisions of "Haemophilus species"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> | ||
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Overview=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Inhabit mucosal epithelium of upper respiratory and lower genital tract | ||
| + | *Suppurative infections due to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages | ||
| + | *Serofibrinous to fibrinopurative infections of lungs, body cavities and joints | ||
| + | *Colonisation of meningeal vessels causes a thrombotic vasculitis leading to encephalitis and meningitis | ||
| Line 12: | Line 19: | ||
*Haemin-dependent strains grow on Blood Agar | *Haemin-dependent strains grow on Blood Agar | ||
*Do not grow on MacConkey agar | *Do not grow on MacConkey agar | ||
| − | |||
===''Haemophilus parasuis''=== | ===''Haemophilus parasuis''=== | ||
| + | *Inhabits nasopharynx of normal swine | ||
*Serotype B causes Glasser's disease in pigs | *Serotype B causes Glasser's disease in pigs | ||
*Glasser's disease | *Glasser's disease | ||
| Line 49: | Line 56: | ||
*Infectious coryza of poultry | *Infectious coryza of poultry | ||
| + | *Resistant to complement-mediated lysis and phagocytosis | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 17 December 2007
Overview
- Inhabit mucosal epithelium of upper respiratory and lower genital tract
- Suppurative infections due to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages
- Serofibrinous to fibrinopurative infections of lungs, body cavities and joints
- Colonisation of meningeal vessels causes a thrombotic vasculitis leading to encephalitis and meningitis
Haemophilus characteristica
- Morphologically variable Gram-negative bacilli, ranging from short rods to long filaments
- Facultative anaerobes
- Typically oxidase positive
- Depend on beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (V factor) and/or Haemin (X fector) for growth
- Heated blood agar (Chocolate Agar) required for growth of NAD-dependent strains
- Haemin-dependent strains grow on Blood Agar
- Do not grow on MacConkey agar
Haemophilus parasuis
- Inhabits nasopharynx of normal swine
- Serotype B causes Glasser's disease in pigs
- Glasser's disease
- Due to transport, environmental stresses, dietary and managemental factors
- Acute septicaemia
- Causes a polyserositis - pericarditis, peritonitis, pleurisy and meningitis - in pigs 3-10 weeks old
- Also causes suppurative bronchopneumonia, pleuritis, polyarthritis (also H. suis)
- Expressed lesions vary between animals - meningitis is most consistent, arthritis in 20% of cases
- Sporadic outbreaks in the UK
- Can be fatal in 2-5 days
- Mortality up to 50% insome outbreaks
- Chronic arthritis, meningitis and intestinal obstruction due to adhesions in surviving pigs
- Fibrinous pneumonia secondary to enzootic pneumonia or virus infection
Haemophilus somnus
- Haemophilus sommus in Enzootic pneumonia of calves
- Causes infectious thromboencephalitis in cattle 1-3 years old
- Found in the USA and Europe, including UK
- Causes a meningoencephalitis with fibrinous arterial thrombosis and necrosis
- Causes fever, staggering and dyspnoea, progressing to somnolence, paralysis and death
- Mortality can be high
Haemophilus pleuopneumonia
- H. pleuropneumonia in Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia
Haemophilus paragalinarum
- Infectious coryza of poultry
- Resistant to complement-mediated lysis and phagocytosis
Haemophilus influenzae
- Human meningitis, septicaemia, bronchopneumonia, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis, and otitis