Difference between revisions of "Haemophilus species"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m |
|||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
**Acute inflammation affecting pleua, peritoneum, mediastinum, pericardium, joints and meninges | **Acute inflammation affecting pleua, peritoneum, mediastinum, pericardium, joints and meninges | ||
**Causes a polyserositis - pericarditis, [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#Peritonitis|peritonitis]], pleurisy and meningitis - in pigs 3-10 weeks old | **Causes a polyserositis - pericarditis, [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#Peritonitis|peritonitis]], pleurisy and meningitis - in pigs 3-10 weeks old | ||
| − | **Also causes suppurative [[Bacterial | + | **Also causes suppurative [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glasser's disease|bronchopneumonia, pleuritis]], [[Joints - inflammatory#In Pigs|polyarthritis]] (also ''H. suis) |
**Expressed lesions vary between animals - meningitis is most consistent, arthritis in 20% of cases | **Expressed lesions vary between animals - meningitis is most consistent, arthritis in 20% of cases | ||
**Fever, general malaise, repsiratory and abdominal signs, lameness, paralysis or convulsions | **Fever, general malaise, repsiratory and abdominal signs, lameness, paralysis or convulsions | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
*Cattle | *Cattle | ||
| − | **''Haemophilus sommus'' in [[Bacterial | + | **''Haemophilus sommus'' in [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] |
**Septicaemia | **Septicaemia | ||
**Causes infectious thromboencephalitis, bronchopneumonia and sporadic reproductive tract infections in cattle 1-3 years old | **Causes infectious thromboencephalitis, bronchopneumonia and sporadic reproductive tract infections in cattle 1-3 years old | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
===''Haemophilus pleuopneumonia''=== | ===''Haemophilus pleuopneumonia''=== | ||
| − | *''H. pleuropneumonia'' in [[Bacterial | + | *''H. pleuropneumonia'' in [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia|Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia]] |
Revision as of 16:46, 31 July 2008
Overview
- Inhabit mucosal epithelium of upper respiratory and lower genital tract
- Suppurative infections due to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages
- Serofibrinous to fibrinopurative infections of lungs, body cavities and joints
- Colonisation of meningeal vessels causes a thrombotic vasculitis leading to encephalitis and meningitis
Haemophilus characteristics
- Morphologically variable Gram-negative bacilli, ranging from short rods to long filaments
- Facultative anaerobes
- Typically oxidase positive
- Depend on beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (V factor) and/or Haemin (X fector) for growth
- Heated blood agar (Chocolate Agar) required for growth of NAD-dependent strains
- Haemin-dependent strains grow on Blood Agar
- Do not grow on MacConkey agar
Haemophilus parasuis
- Inhabits nasopharynx of normal swine
- Serotype B causes Glasser's disease in pigs
- Glasser's disease
- Septicaemia
- Acute inflammation affecting pleua, peritoneum, mediastinum, pericardium, joints and meninges
- Causes a polyserositis - pericarditis, peritonitis, pleurisy and meningitis - in pigs 3-10 weeks old
- Also causes suppurative bronchopneumonia, pleuritis, polyarthritis (also H. suis)
- Expressed lesions vary between animals - meningitis is most consistent, arthritis in 20% of cases
- Fever, general malaise, repsiratory and abdominal signs, lameness, paralysis or convulsions
- Sporadic outbreaks in the UK
- Morbidity and mortality often low due to widespread acquired resistance
- Mortality up to 50% in some outbreaks e.g. specific pathogen-free herds
- Can be fatal in 2-5 days
- Chronic arthritis, meningitis and intestinal obstruction due to adhesions in some surviving pigs
- Due to transport, environmental stresses, dietary and managemental factors
- Fibrinous pneumonia secondary to enzootic pneumonia or virus infection e.g. swine influenza
Haemophilus somnus
- Cattle
- Haemophilus sommus in Enzootic pneumonia of calves
- Septicaemia
- Causes infectious thromboencephalitis, bronchopneumonia and sporadic reproductive tract infections in cattle 1-3 years old
- Found in the USA and Europe, including UK
- Causes a meningoencephalitis with fibrinous arterial thrombosis and necrosis
- Causes fever, staggering and dyspnoea, progressing to somnolence, paralysis and death
- Mortality can be high
- Sheep
- Epididymitis in young rams
- Vulvitis, mastitis and reduced reproductive performance in ewes
- Septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis and pneumonia in lambs
Haemophilus pleuopneumonia
- H. pleuropneumonia in Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia
Haemophilus paragalinarum
- Infectious coryza of poultry - accute upper-respiratory tract infection
- Nasal discharge, swollen sinuses, facial oedema and conjunctivitis
- Resistant to complement-mediated lysis and phagocytosis
Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus
- Commensal of canine lower genital tract
- Causes cystitis and neonatal infections
Haemophilus felis
- Associated with feline conjunctivitis
Haemophilus influenzae
- Human meningitis, septicaemia, bronchopneumonia, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis, and otitis