Changes

**''Salmonellae'' can persist in the gut or gall bladder

**''Salmonellae'' can persist in the gut or gall bladder

**Excreted in faeces after clinical signs disappeared - active carriage

**Excreted in faeces after clinical signs disappeared - active carriage

**Bacteria can survive intracellularly, avioding the immune system and antimicrobials

**Bacteria can survive intracellularly, avoiding the immune system and antimicrobials

**May have latent carriage and intermittent excretion in faeces

**May have latent carriage and intermittent excretion in faeces

**Stresses e.g. transportaion, illness, parturition, overcrowding promote excretion in carrier animals

**Stresses e.g. transportaion, illness, parturition, overcrowding promote excretion in carrier animals and may cause clinical signs to be shown

**Tortoises, terrapins, snakes and other reptiles ofter carry ''Salmonellae''

**Tortoises, terrapins, snakes and other reptiles ofter carry ''Salmonellae''

**Asymptomatic carriage allows faecal spread of infection  

**Asymptomatic carriage allows faecal spread of infection  

*Zoonotic

*Zoonotic

*Outbreaks from contaminated imported meat and bone meal  

*Outbreaks from contaminated imported meat and bone meal  

*Some serotypes are host-specific, some are not

*Some serotypes are host-specific, some infect a wide range of species

*Healthy adult carnivores are resistant to salmonellosis

*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry

*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry

*''S. enteritidis'': non species-specific; losses in young birds; causes food poisoning in humans

*''S. enteritidis'': non species-specific; losses in young birds; causes food poisoning in humans

*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans

*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans

*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle

*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle

*Bovine [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]:

*Bovine [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]:

**Syndrome of fever and diarrhoea (with dysentery), often fatal, in calves and adult cattle

**Syndrome of fever and diarrhoea (with dysentery), often fatal, in calves and adult cattle

**May cause abortion of pregnant cattle in absence of other signs

**May cause abortion of pregnant cattle in absence of other signs

**Caused by infection with various ''Salmonella'' serotypes, e.g. ''S.'' Dublin and ''S.'' Typhimurium  

**Caused by infection with various ''Salmonella'' serotypes, e.g. ''S.'' Dublin and ''S.'' Typhimurium  

**An important zoonosis and reportable

**An important zoonosis and reportable

**Carrier animals important for spread

**Carrier animals important for spread