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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] to the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]'''. It has descending and ascending portions and both portions have digestive and absorptive functions.

The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] to the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]'''. It has descending and ascending portions and both portions have digestive and absorptive functions.

==Structure==

==Structure==

The descending duodenum passes out of the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage, it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].  

The descending duodenum passes out of the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage, it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].  

At a point between the right [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]] and pelvic inlet, it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentery to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.

At a point between the right [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]] and pelvic inlet, it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentery to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.

===Equine===

===Equine===

The mesoduodenum is relatively short, so the duodenum is closely tethered in a constant position. The descending duodenum is attached to the base of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]]. The descending duodenum runs caudally beneath the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] to the caudal pole of the right kidney where it has it's caudal flexure to become the ascending duodenum.

The mesoduodenum is relatively short, so the duodenum is closely tethered in a constant position. The descending duodenum is attached to the base of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]]. The descending duodenum runs caudally beneath the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] to the caudal pole of the right kidney where it has it's caudal flexure to become the ascending duodenum.