Changes

Tendons - Horse Anatomy (view source)

Revision as of 08:17, 31 October 2012

580 bytes added , 08:17, 31 October 2012

→‎Thoracic Limb

Line 31: Line 31:

<br>

'''''Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)'''''

−

*'''Origin''': Superficial digital flexor muscle on the medial humeral epicondlye

+

*'''Origin''': Superficial digital flexor muscle on the medial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondlye

*'''Insertion''': [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|Middle phalanx]]

*'''Action''': Flexes the proximal and middle phalangeal joints, stabilises [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] joint

−

The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle at the level of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|carpus]]. At this level, the tendon combines with the accessory ligament ('''superior check ligament'''). The tendon passes distally on the caudal aspect of the limb, running through the '''carpal canal''' to the metacarpus. The SDFT and DDFT run within a synovial structure termed the '''carpal sheath'''.

+

The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle at the level of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|carpus]]. At this level, the tendon combines with the accessory ligament ('''superior check ligament'''). The tendon passes distally on the caudal aspect of the limb, running through the '''carpal canal''' to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]]. The SDFT and DDFT run within a synovial structure termed the '''carpal sheath'''.

Just proximal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] joint, the SDFT forms a ring-like structure which wraps around the DDFT. This structure is known as the '''manica flexoria'''.

Line 43: Line 43:

<br>

'''''Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT)'''''

−

*'''Origin''': Deep digital flexor muscle on the medial humeral epicondyle, radius and ulna

+

*'''Origin''': Deep digital flexor muscle on the medial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle, [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius and ulna]]

*'''Insertion''': [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|Distal phalanx]].

*'''Action''': Flexes the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].

−

The deep digital flexor tendon arises as three bellies from its origin on the medial humeral epicondyle, fusing to form a common tendon just proximal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|carpus]] on the caudal aspect of the limb. The single tendon passes distally, enclosed in the '''carpal sheath''', through the '''carpal canal'''. In the mid-metacarpal region, the tendon is enforced by an accessory ligament ('''inferior check ligament'''). At the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] (fetlock) joint, the DDFT passes though the '''manica flexoria''' and over the sesamoid groove. In the mid –region of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]], the DDFT runs between the branches of the SDFT and over the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]] ('''navicular''') bone to insert on the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].

+

The deep digital flexor tendon arises as three bellies from its origin on the medial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle, fusing to form a common tendon just proximal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|carpus]] on the caudal aspect of the limb. The single tendon passes distally, enclosed in the '''carpal sheath''', through the '''carpal canal'''. In the mid-metacarpal region, the tendon is enforced by an accessory ligament ('''inferior check ligament'''). At the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] (fetlock) joint, the DDFT passes though the '''manica flexoria''' and over the sesamoid groove. In the mid –region of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]], the DDFT runs between the branches of the SDFT and over the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]] ('''navicular''') bone to insert on the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].

The '''navicular bursa''' is the space formed between the DDFT and the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]] ('''navicular''') bone, which is filled with synovial fluid. It extends beyond the borders of the distal sesamoid bone proximally, distally and laterally.

Line 57: Line 57:

<br>

'''''Suspensory Ligament (SL)'''''

−

*'''Origin''': Proximal region of third metacarpal (cannon bone) and distal row of carpal bones

+

*'''Origin''': Proximal region of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]](cannon bone) and distal row of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal bones]]

*'''Insertion''': Proximal sesamoids, joins common digital extensor tendon

*'''Action''': Prevents fetlock hyperextension and limits palmar flexion

−

The suspensory ligament (middle interosseous muscle) is an entirely tendinous structure. The SL originates on the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal (cannon) and distal carpal bones. It lies within the groove between the second and fourth ~~metacarpal bones~~ (splint bones), deep to the SDFT and DDFT. Running distally, it bifurcates into two extensor branches which insert on the proximal sesamoid bones. Each branch extends laterally and medially, either side of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] (feltlock) joint, to join the common digital extensor tendon. The major function of the SL is as part of the '''suspensory apparatus'''. It provides support to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]](fetlock) joint by preventing hyperextension and also limits palmar flexion.

+

The suspensory ligament (middle interosseous muscle) is an entirely tendinous structure. The SL originates on the proximal aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]](cannon) and distal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal bones]]. It lies within the groove between the second and fourth [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpals]](splint bones), deep to the SDFT and DDFT. Running distally, it bifurcates into two extensor branches which insert on the proximal sesamoid bones. Each branch extends laterally and medially, either side of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]] (feltlock) joint, to join the common digital extensor tendon. The major function of the SL is as part of the '''suspensory apparatus'''. It provides support to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|metacarpophalangeal]](fetlock) joint by preventing hyperextension and also limits palmar flexion.

[[Image:Equine thoracic limb tendons ML.jpg|200px|thumb|right|'''Tendons of the thoracic limb, mediolateral view''']]

Lwilkie

4,503

edits