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=== Stage 2 ===
 
=== Stage 2 ===
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* Abrupt onset
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* Appearance of the amnion or commencement of forceful straining
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** Not much delay between them, often coincide.
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* Soon after straining begins, the mare goes down.
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* Lies on her side with the limbs extended
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** Generally remains in this position until the foal is born.
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* Transperent blue/white 'water bag' (amnion) visible at the vulva
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* Quickly followed by the appearance in it of a digit.
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* Straining at regular intervals.
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** Each comprises 3/4 powerful expulsive efforts followed by a period of rest.
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** Generally 3 minutes long
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* One forelimb procedes the other by 7-8cm
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** One elbow passes through the pelvic inlet before the other preventing minimal obstruction.
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* Head is usually in the oblique position, but may be transverse with the cheek lying on the limbs.
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* Greates and longest effort is with birth of the head.
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* After expulsion of the foal, the mare may remain on her side exhausted for up to 30 minutes.
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* Umbillical cord is intact when the foal is born.
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** Subsequently ruptures 5-8cm below the belly due to movement of the mare or foal.
    
=== Stage 3 ===
 
=== Stage 3 ===
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