Difference between revisions of "Diabetes Mellitus"
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*Chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism | *Chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism | ||
| + | *Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat | ||
| + | ===Aetiology=== | ||
| + | Can be caused by | ||
| + | *Absolute deficiency of insulin | ||
| + | *Antagonism of insulin by hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, anterior pituitary causing high levels of blood glucose | ||
| + | *Complication of pancreatic fibrosis | ||
| + | *Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance | ||
| − | =Clinical signs= | + | ===Clinical signs=== |
| + | *Hyperglycaemia | ||
| + | *Polyuria | ||
| + | *Polydypsia | ||
| + | *Ketonuria | ||
| + | *Metabolic acidosis | ||
| + | *Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pathology=== | ||
| + | *Pancreas appers normal or reduced in size due to fibrosis | ||
| + | *In cats, amyloidosis is sometimes present in the islets | ||
| + | *Fatty change is consistently present in the liver and kidneys | ||
| + | *The lens in the eye is often opaque due to deposition of sorbitol causing it to swell (glucose is converted into sorbitol once the glycolytic pathway is saturated) | ||
Revision as of 13:52, 8 August 2007
Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
- Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat
Aetiology
Can be caused by
- Absolute deficiency of insulin
- Antagonism of insulin by hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, anterior pituitary causing high levels of blood glucose
- Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
- Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
Clinical signs
- Hyperglycaemia
- Polyuria
- Polydypsia
- Ketonuria
- Metabolic acidosis
- Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death
Pathology
- Pancreas appers normal or reduced in size due to fibrosis
- In cats, amyloidosis is sometimes present in the islets
- Fatty change is consistently present in the liver and kidneys
- The lens in the eye is often opaque due to deposition of sorbitol causing it to swell (glucose is converted into sorbitol once the glycolytic pathway is saturated)