Difference between revisions of "Hypersensitivity Flashcards"

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|linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood
 
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|linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY
 
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===Hypersensitivity===
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==<font color="purple">Hypersensitivity</font>==
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<FlashCard questions="3">
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q1=What is hypersensitivity?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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*A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Leading to cell and tissue damage
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|-
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*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
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|<big>'''What is hypersensitivity?'''
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|l1=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
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*'''''A hyperactive immune response to an antigen'''''
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|a2=Gell and Coombs
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*'''''Leading to cell and tissue damage'''''
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|l2=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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*'''''It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)'''''
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|q3=Complete the following sentences
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||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
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|-
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|a3=
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|<big>'''Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?'''
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*antibody mediated
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*cell mediated
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*'''''Gell and Coombs'''''
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|l3=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification
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||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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</FlashCard>
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|-
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===Type I Hypersensitivity===
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|<big>'''Complete the following sentences'''
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<FlashCard questions="5">
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||<big>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are <font color="white">'''''antibody'''''</font> mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a <font color="white">'''''cell'''''</font> mediated reaction. 
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|q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
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||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a1=
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|}
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*Anaphylactic-mediated
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<br>
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*IgE-mediated
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<br>
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|l1=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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==<font color="purple">Type I Hypersensitivity</font>==
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|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|a2=Allergens
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|l2=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a3=
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|-
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*Plant pollens
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|<big>'''What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?'''
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*Foods
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Drugs
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*'''''Anaphylactic-mediated'''''
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*Proteins
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*'''''IgE-mediated'''''
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*Insect products
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||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l3=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:
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|-
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|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
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|<big>'''What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?'''
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|a4=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Vasodilation
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*'''''Allergens'''''
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*Oedema
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||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Mucous production
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|-
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*Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma
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|<big>'''Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction'''
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*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l4=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
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*'''''Plant pollens'''''
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|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
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*'''''Foods'''''
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|a5=
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*'''''Drugs'''''
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*Sweet-itch
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*'''''Proteins'''''
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*Atopy
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*'''''Insect products'''''
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*Flea allergic dermatitis
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||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l5=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
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|-
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</FlashCard>
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|<big>'''Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?'''
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===Type II Hypersensitivity===
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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<FlashCard questions="3">
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*'''''Vasodilation'''''
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|q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
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*'''''Oedema'''''
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|a1=
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*'''''Mucous production'''''
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*IgG
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*'''''Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma'''''
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*IgM
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*'''''Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres'''''
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*Fixed antigens
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||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l1=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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|-
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|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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|<big>'''Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions'''
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|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l2=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
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*'''''Sweet-itch'''''
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|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
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*'''''Atopy'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Flea allergic dermatitis
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*Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
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||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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**Pemphigus vulgaris
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|}
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**Bullous pemphigoid
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<br>
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*Complement mediated lysis
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<br>
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**Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
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==<font color="purple">Type II Hypersensitivity</font>==
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**Blood transfusion reaction  
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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**Haemolytic disease of new born
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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**Feline infectious anaemia
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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*Phagocytosis
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|l3=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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|-
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</FlashCard>
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|<big>'''What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?'''
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===Type III Hypersensitivity===
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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<FlashCard questions="5">
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*'''''IgG'''''
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|q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
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*'''''IgM'''''
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|a1=
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*'''''Fixed antigens'''''
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*IgG
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||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Soluble antigens
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|-
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|l1=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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|<big>'''What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?'''
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|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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*'''''Neutralisation blockage of receptors'''''
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|l2=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
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||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
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|-
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|a3=
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|<big>'''Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?'''
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*Glomerulonephritis
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Arthritis
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*'''''Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''''
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*Vasculitis
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**'''''Pemphigus vulgaris'''''
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*Acute inflammation
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**'''''Bullous pemphigoid'''''
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|l3=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
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*'''''Complement mediated lysis'''''
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|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
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**'''''Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia'''''
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|a4=
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**'''''Blood transfusion reaction'''''
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*Vasculitis
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**'''''Haemolytic disease of new born'''''
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*Erythema
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**'''''Feline infectious anaemia'''''
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*Oedema
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*'''''Phagocytosis'''''
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*Neutropaenia
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||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Proteinurea
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|}
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|l4=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
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<br>
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|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
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<br>
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|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
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|l5=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
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==<font color="purple">Type III Hypersensitivity</font>==
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</FlashCard>
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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<FlashCard questions="7">
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
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|-
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|l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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|<big>'''Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?'''
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|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=
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*'''''IgG'''''
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*Abnormal macrophage activation
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*'''''Soluble antigens'''''
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*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
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||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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|-
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|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
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|<big>'''What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?'''
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|a3=Destruction of normal cells
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
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*'''''Hypersensitivity pneumonitis'''''
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|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
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||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a4=
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|-
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*Contact
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|<big>'''What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?'''
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*Granulomatous
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:
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*'''''Glomerulonephritis'''''
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|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
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*'''''Arthritis'''''
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|a5=Mononuclear cells
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*'''''Vasculitis'''''
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|l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact
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*'''''Acute inflammation'''''
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|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
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||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a6=
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|-
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*Mycobacterium tubercle
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|<big>'''What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?'''
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*Schistosome eggs
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
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*'''''Vasculitis'''''
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|q7=What is the tuberculin test?
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*'''''Erythema'''''
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|a7=
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*'''''Oedema'''''
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*Used for testing TB in cattle
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*'''''Neutropaenia'''''
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*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
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*'''''Proteinurea'''''
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*A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
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||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
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|-
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</FlashCard>
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|<big>'''Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen'''
 
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||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)'''''
 
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||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|}
 
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<br>
 
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<br>
 
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==<font color="purple">Type IV Hypersensitivity</font>==
 
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
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|-
 
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|<big>'''What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?'''
 
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||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Delayed-type hypersensitivity'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Abnormal macrophage activation'''''
 
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*'''''Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)'''''
 
−
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Destruction of normal cells'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Contact'''''
 
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*'''''Granulomatous'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Mononuclear cells'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response'''
 
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||<font color="white"> <big>
 
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*'''''Mycobacterium tubercle'''''
 
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*'''''Schistosome eggs'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
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|<big>'''What is the tuberculin test?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Used for testing TB in cattle'''''
 
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*'''''Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin'''''
 
−
*'''''A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection'''''
 
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|}
 
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<br>
 
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<br>
 
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<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
 
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<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 

Revision as of 11:23, 20 February 2010

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
HYPERSENSITIVITY
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is hypersensitivity? Link to Article
Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? Link to Article
Complete the following sentences

Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction.

Link to Article


Type I Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type I hypersensitivity also known as? Link to Article
What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? Link to Article
Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction Link to Article
Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? Link to Article
Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions Link to Article


Type II Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? Link to Article
What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? Link to Article
Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? Link to Article


Type III Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens? Link to Article
What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? Link to Article
What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? Link to Article
What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? Link to Article
Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen Link to Article


Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? Link to Article
What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? Link to Article
What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? Link to Article
What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? Link to Article
What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? Link to Article
Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response Link to Article
What is the tuberculin test? Link to Article


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