Changes

** Multiple folds protruding into the cervical canal in the cow, ewe, sow and mare.

** Multiple folds protruding into the cervical canal in the cow, ewe, sow and mare.

* The cervical canal opens cranially into the body of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] at the internal uterine ostium.

* The cervical canal opens cranially into the body of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] at the internal uterine ostium.

* The cervical canal opens caudally into the vagina at the external uterine ostium.

* The cervical canal opens caudally into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] at the external uterine ostium.

=== Cow and Ewe ===

=== Cow and Ewe ===

* Multiple folds

* Multiple folds

* Cervical folds form rings (cervical rings)

* Cervical folds form rings (cervical rings)

* Ensures a tight coupling of the penis with the cervix to ensure that the large volume of semen produced by the boar is deposited in the uterus.

* Ensures a tight coupling of the penis with the cervix to ensure that the large volume of semen produced by the boar is deposited in the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]].

=== Mare ===

=== Mare ===

* Simple cervix with the most caudal part bulging into the vagina to form a distinct recess (vaginal fornix).

* Simple cervix with the most caudal part bulging into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] to form a distinct recess (vaginal fornix).

* Low volume mucous secretion

* Low volume mucous secretion

* Multiple folds

* Multiple folds

* Many longitudinal folds of mucosa that protrude into the vagina (fornix vagina)

* Many longitudinal folds of mucosa that protrude into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] (fornix vagina)

* Soft during oestrus

* Soft during oestrus

=== Bitch ===

=== Bitch ===

* Simple cervix with the most caudal part bulging into the vagina to form a distinct recess (vaginal fornix).

* Simple cervix with the most caudal part bulging into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] to form a distinct recess (vaginal fornix).

* Single fold

* Single fold

* Relatively smooth surface

* Relatively smooth surface

=== Queen ===

=== Queen ===

* External uterine ostium opens on a small hillock projecting into the vagina.

* External uterine ostium opens on a small hillock projecting into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]].

* Small

* Small

* Thick walled compared to the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] or vagina

* Thick walled compared to the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] or [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]]

* Single fold

* Single fold

* Smooth surface

* Smooth surface