Difference between revisions of "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus"
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(New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |sublink1=Retroviridae |subtext1=RETROVIRIDAE |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> ====Antigenicity==== ====Hosts==== *Cats, including...) |
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| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
====Antigenicity==== | ====Antigenicity==== | ||
| − | + | *Unrelated to HIV | |
| + | *No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate | ||
====Hosts==== | ====Hosts==== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
====Pathogenesis==== | ====Pathogenesis==== | ||
| − | + | *Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells | |
| + | **Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response | ||
| + | *Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus | ||
| + | Two versions: | ||
| + | *Avirulent: | ||
| + | **Transient infection with no CD4 decline | ||
| + | *Virulent: | ||
| + | **Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct) | ||
| + | **#'''High circulating virus''' for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, '''thymic aplasia''' esp in kittens | ||
| + | **#'''Remission''': decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by '''immune exhaustion''' | ||
| + | ****Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response | ||
| + | ****Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as '''white nodules''' | ||
| + | **#'''Rapidly progressing infection''' with high virus present | ||
| + | ****Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases | ||
| + | ****Nonregenerative anemia | ||
| + | ****Leucopenia | ||
| + | ****Neutropenia | ||
| + | ****Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of '''immunosuppression''' | ||
| + | ****Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression | ||
====Epidemiology==== | ====Epidemiology==== | ||
| − | + | *Transfer via '''saliva''', though usually through a '''bite''' (FIV is the '''disease of enemies''') | |
| + | *Can transfer via '''milk''' or '''mutual grooming''' in multicat households | ||
| + | *Also transferred via '''mating''' | ||
| + | *Particular concern amongst '''stray males''': 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive | ||
| + | *Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats | ||
====Diagnosis==== | ====Diagnosis==== | ||
| − | + | *'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody''' | |
| + | **False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab | ||
| + | *Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting) | ||
====Control==== | ====Control==== | ||
| + | *'''No UK vaccine''' | ||
| + | *Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing | ||
| + | *Isolate and castrate | ||
| + | *Preventative neutering of males | ||
Revision as of 18:54, 20 October 2008
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This article is still under construction. |
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Antigenicity
- Unrelated to HIV
- No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
Hosts
- Cats, including large cats on game reserves
Pathogenesis
- Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
- Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
- Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
Two versions:
- Avirulent:
- Transient infection with no CD4 decline
- Virulent:
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
- High circulating virus for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, thymic aplasia esp in kittens
- Remission: decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by immune exhaustion
- Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
- Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as white nodules
- Rapidly progressing infection with high virus present
- Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
- Nonregenerative anemia
- Leucopenia
- Neutropenia
- Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of immunosuppression
- Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
Epidemiology
- Transfer via saliva, though usually through a bite (FIV is the disease of enemies)
- Can transfer via milk or mutual grooming in multicat households
- Also transferred via mating
- Particular concern amongst stray males: 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
- Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
Diagnosis
- ELISA for serum antibody
- False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
- Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
Control
- No UK vaccine
- Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
- Isolate and castrate
- Preventative neutering of males