Difference between revisions of "Coccidia"

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==Coccidia of Sheep==
 
==Coccidia of Sheep==
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*11 different Coccidia species although only two are of clinical significance
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**Giant schizonts visible as white spots
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*''Eimeria ovinoidalis''
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**Highly pathogenic
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**[[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|Diarrhoea]]
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**Parasitises the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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*''Eimeria crandalis''
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**Varying pathogenicity
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**Scours, grey, foul-smelling faeces
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**Parasitises the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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*Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
 
*Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
  

Revision as of 21:00, 15 November 2008



Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
PARASITES
PROTOZOA



Eimeria spp.

Isospora spp.

Coccidia of Poultry

Other Avian Coccidia

Coccidia of Sheep

  • 11 different Coccidia species although only two are of clinical significance
    • Giant schizonts visible as white spots
  • Different species of Eimeria occurs in sheep and goats

Coccidia of Goats

  • Many Eimeria species
  • 2 Eimeria are pathogenic
  • Different species of Eimeria occurs in sheep and goats

Coccidia of Horses

  • Only one atypical Eiemria
  • Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
  • Large, dark coloured oocysts
    • Approximately 12μm
  • Besnoitia bennetti in larynx of horses

Coccidia of Pigs

  • Many species of Eimeria and Isospora
  • Only Isospora suis is of clinical pathogenic importance
  • Causes sporadic, serious and sometimes fatal disease in unweaned piglets
  • Very short 1 week prepatent period
  • Diarrhoea starts before oocysts are shed in faeces
    • Ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult
  • Death usually occurs after parasites have left the host
    • Post-mortem diagnosis difficult
    • Isospora infections are self-limiting

Coccidia of Dogs

  • 2 common and 2 less common Isospora species
  • Occasionally can cause disease
  • Little pathogenicity
  • Even if faecal oocyst count is high, other causes of diarrhoea should be looked for
  • Hepatozoon americanum and subclinical H. canis in periosteal bone formation
    • Both are Tick borne diseases
      • H. canisRhipicephalus sanguineus
      • Ticks become infected by ingesting a blood meal containing macrophages and neutrophils infected with the parasite gamonts -> sexual replication in the gut of the tick -> oocysts containing infective sporozoites -> dogs ingest the tick  schizogony occurs in numerous tissues


Coccidia of Cats

Coccidia in Cat Faeces - Joel Mills
  • 2 common Isospora species with little clinical significance
  • Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of Toxoplasma (smaller) and Sarcocytis (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces)

Coccidia of Rabbits

  • 3 pathogenic Eimeria species
    • 2 in the caecum
    • 1 in the bile duct
  • Eimeria steidae
    • Parasitises the bile duct epithelium
    • Travels via the bile duct to the liver where it forms large white nodules
    • Oocysts travel in the bile and are passed out in the faeces
    • Causes ascites, diarrhoea, weight loss and polyuria
  • Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits
  • Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water
    • E.g. Toltrazuril
  • Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating
  • Medicated feed can be used in commercial units
    • E.g. Rabenidine