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Female Reproduction - Donkey (view source)

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~~==Reproductive anatomy peculiarities==~~

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[[~~Image:~~Anatomy ~~jenny donkey.jpg|left|thumb|200px~~|~~<center>General~~ anatomy of the jenny’s genital organs. 1) ovary, 2) uterine horn, 3) broad ligament, 4) cervix, 5) vagina, 6) vulva, 7) prominent clitoris.(Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center>]]

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[[Female Reproductive Anatomy - Donkey|Female reproductive anatomy peculiarities]]

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[[Image:External genitalia jenny donkey.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<center>External genitalia of the jenny, showing the small and tight vulva with prominent clitoris and small perineal body. (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center>]]

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~~The general anatomy of the reproductive organs in the jenny is similar to that of the mare. Some peculiarities of the anatomy~~

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of the reproductive tract have been reported that may be of importance for the practising veterinarian. Donkey breeds present a wide variation in size and disposition. Miniature and small African breeds may be challenging as far as ''per rectum'' palpation

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~~and ultrasonography of the reproductive organs. Techniques used for miniature horses may be adapted for the examination of these small individuals (Purdy, 2005; Tibary, 2004).~~

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The jenny’s '''cervix is longer''' than that of the mare and is '''coneshaped'''. It protrudes into the vagina and forms a '''deeper fornix'''. This peculiarity makes manipulation of the cervix for uterine flushing or other techniques requiring access to the uterine cavity during dioestrus rather difficult. Also, the narrowness of the cervical canal may '''predispose to ''intra-partum'' or ''post-partum'' cervical laceration''' in cases of dystocia (Vendramini ''et al'', 1998). The '''vulvar lips are small and usually very tight'''. Pneumovagina and urovagina are not common.

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[[Image:Cervix jenny.jpg|center|thumb|400px|<center>Anatomy of the cervix in the jenny: a) deep fornix (arrow), b) and c) excessive length and protrusion into the vaginal cavity. (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center>]]

==Seasonality==

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A marked seasonality in which 54% of the females present an anoestrus has been reported in Brazil (latitude 19°51' 06"S). Anoestrus season lasts 166.3 ± 63.2 days (Henry ''et al'' ,1987). Seasonality has also been described in Mexico (Orozco Hernandez ''et al'', 1992). In Morocco, our field observations show that the peak birthing season is March through May with some sporadic births occurring in February and from June until September. Studies in Ethiopia show that the rainy season (''i.e.'' increased

food availability) is associated with higher sexual activity, follicular growth and incidence of ovulation in free-ranging tropical jennies (Lemma ''et al'', 2006a). Ovarian activity in these jennies is highly correlated with body condition (Lemma ''et al'', 2006b).

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==Oestrous cycle==

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